杜甫所受的侠风濡染及对侠文化的接受

Du Fu's Education and His Acceptance of Chivalrous Culture

杜甫与侠和侠文化的关系是全面认识杜甫及其诗歌创作精神不可或缺的一个文化视角,也是杜甫研究中较少探知的方面。唐代高昂的任侠风气成为杜甫生活其中并为其濡染,使其行为和创作深受影响的现实动因。而杜甫所受的儒家传统教育、刚正侠义的家风濡染和刚直不羁的个性等因素成为他崇尚侠义、歌颂游侠的精神支柱,也成就了他儒侠互补、书气与侠义并行不悖的个性气质。与唐代其他文人相比,杜甫对侠的接受有着儒家正义的选择性,表现着强烈的人文关怀。杜甫对侠的清醒认识、选择接受和辩证宣扬,使侠超越了个人名利而上升到国家民众的高度,提升了侠义人格,使侠文化超越了狭隘的恩仇观念,成为对个人、社会和国家都能产生积极影响的精神力量。

The relationship between Du Fu, chivalry and chivalrous culture is an indispensible cultural perspective for the understanding of Du Fu and his spirit of poetry creation, as well as a rarely explored area of Du Fu studies. The overwhelming chivalrous vogue of the Tang Dynasty is the real cause of Du Fu＇ s chivalrous immersion, and deeply influences his behavior and poetry creation. On the other hand, the traditional Confucian education he received, the upright chivalrous family edification and an outspoken personality contributes to his spiritual support of advocating of chivalry, which also accomplishes his individual temperament of Confucianism and chivalry complementation, and the conformity of bookishness and chivalrousness. Compared with other men of letters in the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu＇ s acceptance of chivalry possesses the selectivity of Confucianism justice and manifests intense humanistic concern. Du Fu＇ s sober understanding, selective acceptance and dialectical advocating of chivalry makes it go beyond personal fame and gain, and rises to the level of nation and people, which heightens the chivalrous personality, making chivalrous culture transcend the narrow sense of gratitude and of revenge, thus becoming a spiritual strength that exerts positive influence on the individual, society and nation.