“小历史”的书写:乡村民众教育观念变迁的民族志研究——以苏北M村为个案

Writing Micro-history: Ethnographic Research on the Changes of Rural People's Educational Concepts——Taking Village M in the North of Jiangsu Province as a Case Study

乡村民众的传统教育观念是植根于乡土社会的地方性教育知识,深入其内里能够重现被宏大叙事模式所遮蔽的底层思维,还原现代教育观念在乡村社会传播过程的历史复杂性。通过对苏北M村的民族志研究发现,在乡村教育的现代化进程中,现代教育观念及其理性思维以学校为枢纽在乡村社会扩散,并与以务实求验为思维逻辑的乡村民众传统教育观念进行了复杂的历史性互动。由于社会情境及教育地位的变迁,这一互动史呈现出阶段性断裂,展现了乡村教育观念变迁的"小历史"。

Rural people＇s traditional educational concepts are local educational knowledge rooted in rural society, and going deep into its inherent logic can make thinking of the bottom which is covered by the grand narrative, reappear and the historic complexity of the modern educational concept＇ s transmission to rural society be restored. Through ethnographic research in village M of the North of Jiangsu Province, this paper found that in the process of rural educational modernization, modem educational concepts spread through rural society taking schools as a pivot. And it also has a complicated historic interaction with rural people＇ s traditional educational concept, the logic of which was ＂pragmatic and experience-dependant＂. Because of the change of social situation and educational status, the history of this interaction demonstrated fragmentation by phasic, and unfolded the micro-history of the change of educational concepts in rural society.