秸秆和绿肥还田对烤烟光合生理指标及经济性状的影响

Effects of Green Manures and Maize Stalks Returning Back to Field on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Economic Character of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探索湘西州烟区植烟土壤改良方法,采用田间试验的方法,以箭舌豌豆为绿肥,设置箭舌豌豆还田、玉米秸秆+腐熟剂还田、玉米秸秆+腐熟剂+箭舌豌豆还田等方式,研究了不同还田方式对烤烟农艺性状、光合生理特性和经济性状的影响。结果表明,与玉米秸秆还田或绿肥还田相比,箭舌豌豆和玉米秸秆配合还田能改善烤烟生长中后期的农艺性状,增大烤烟后期光合有效辐射(PAR)及叶面积指数(LAI),增加烤烟叶绿素含量,提高烟叶气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr),增强烟叶净光合速率(Pn),提高烤烟上等烟比例6.37%~17.65%,增加烤烟产量0.33%~15.47%,提高烤烟产值0.09%~12.75%。本研究结果为以玉米秸秆与绿肥结合的生态改良植烟土壤方法的推广奠定了理论基础。

To explore the methods of tobacco-planting soil improvement, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of returning maize stalk and green manures and its mixed pattern to field on agronomic trait, photosynthetic characteristics and economic character of flue-cured tobacco. The results indicated that returning maize stalk and green manures to field could improve agronomictrait at middle and late growth stages of tobacco, which could increase photosynthetic active radiation, leaf area index and chlorophyll content, improve stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate, and enhance net photosynthetic rate at later growth of tobacco. It could improve the ratio of high quality tobacco, output and value of tobacco by6.37% - 17.65% , 0.33% - 15.47% and 0.09% 12.75%. The findings provide good popularizing prospect for the ecological improvement tobacco-planting soil way of combination of returning maize stalk with green manures application together to field.