南京市不同交通工具内部颗粒物污染状况的研究

The Investigation of Particulate Pollution in Different Vehicles of Nanjing

为了解目前各种常用交通工具内部大气颗粒物污染状况,利用颗粒物浓度监测仪(DT-9880M)在2015年3月中旬至5月中旬于南京市鼓楼至新街口一带及南京市不同功能区,对各种城市交通工具如地铁、私家车、公交车、出租车内的颗粒物及室外的污染状况进行了监测。结果表明:(1)同等天气条件下不同交通工具窗户关闭时内部PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度分别为:私家车(84.2,145.0μg/m^3)>出租车(51.8,99.7μg/m^3)>地铁(28.2,45.8μg/m^3),地铁内部污染水平最低。(2)开窗时室外大气污染状况对公交车内部颗粒物浓度有一定影响,随着室外颗粒物浓度的增加,公交车内颗粒物浓度明显上升;地铁由于封闭运行,车内颗粒物浓度与车外污染关系不大,与车内人流量有关。(3)对于私家车,吸烟会造成颗粒物浓度剧增,关窗与开内循环均能降低室内颗粒物浓度,其中开内循环效果显著,而车型和排量对室内颗粒物污染则无明显影响。(4)综合时耗,油耗和乘车费用三方面,地铁最省钱省时,且车内空气质量最好,出行时可以优先选择。

In order to understand the pollution of particulate in different vehicles,the indoor and outdoor particulate concentrations were measured in many kinds of urban transportation,such as subway,private cars,buses and taxis using the particle monitoring instrument（DT-9880M） in Nanjing from mid-March to mid-May of 2015. The monitoring areas contained the route from Gulou to Xinjiekou as well as different functional areas of Nanjing. The results show that in the same atmospheric pollution condition,when the windows of vehicles are opened,the indoor PM_（2.5） and PM_（10） concentrations of private cars are 84.2 and 145.0 μg/m^3 which are greater than taxis（51.8,99.7 μg/m^3）,the concentrations are the lowest in the subway（28.2,45.8 μg/m^3）. The outdoor air pollution has certain impact on the indoor particulate concentrations of bus when the windows are opened. As the particle concentrations of outdoor increase,the indoor concentrations are significantly increased. The indoor pollution of subway is not obviously influenced by outdoor due to the close moving and affected by the passenger flow. For private cars,smoking can cause significant increase of particulate concentration and the concentration can be reduced by closing window or opening air-conditioning in which the later has greater effect. However,the vehicle type and displacement have no significant influence on the indoor particle pollution. Comprehensive considering the time consumption,fuel consumption and travel cost,the subway is the most economical vehicle. Moreover,the air quality in subway is the best which can be priority selected when we go out.