考虑报废回收的汽车发动机全生命周期环境影响评价研究

Study on Impact Assessment of Life Cycle Environment of Automobile Engine Considering Scrap Recycling

该文构建了考虑报废回收环节的汽车发动机全生命周期环境影响评价模型,并选取某企业生产制造的某款发动机作为实证研究对象,采集清单数据代入模型计算包括报废回收阶段在内的发动机全生命周期环境影响潜值,根据结果可分清全生命周期各阶段的责任,综合各种因素对一些主要贡献指标做到有的放矢。研究结果表明,材料回收再利用省去了原材料开采、冶炼等诸多环节,可有效降低发动机对生态环境的影响;未来轻量化、再制造、材料再循环等绿色技术路径是发动机节能减排的重要手段,通过形成减量化、再制造、再使用、再利用的4R循环体系可更加有效地挖掘出发动机的全生命周期节能减排潜力。

This paper built a calculation model considering the recovery of automobile engine whole life cycle environmental impact assessment,and selected the engine that was manufactured by Weichai as the empirical research object. The inventory data are substituted into the model to calculate gas emissions and toxic harmful substances produced by the engine of the whole life cycle,then coming ultimately to the standardization of environmental impact equivalent evaluation results. The results can distinguish the responsibility of the whole life-cycle phases,and various factors contribution to some of the key indicators for a definite purpose. The results show that the material recycling reuse is an important way to reduce gas emissions, since the metal materials recycled saves raw materials mining, smelting and other process. In the future lightweight,re-manufacturing,material recycling and other green development direction is an important means of engine energy conservation, by forming, reduction, remanufacturing, reuse and recycling, 4R circulation system can more effectively tap the full life cycle of the engine reduction potential.