自身免疫性甲状腺疾病临床研究进展

The Clinical Research Progression of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(autoimmune thyroid disease,AITD)是一组T细胞介导器官特异性自身免疫病,临床上以Graves病(Graves'disease,GD)和桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimoto thyroiditis,HT)最为多见,分别以甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能低下为特征。研究统计显示,全球AITD患病率接近5%,仅表现为抗甲状腺抗体阳性而无症状的亚临床AITD的比例会更高,尤其以30至40岁的女性多见。诱发自身免疫攻击甲状腺的机制很复杂,其中,遗传易感性和环境诱发因素是的相互作用认为是导致AITD发病的关键原因。另外,有数据显示,AITD与甲状腺肿瘤发生相关,因此,及时准确的诊治很有必要。本文将就A ITD的临床进展及诱导自身免疫病的免疫耐受思路进行简要介绍。

Autoimmune thyroid disease（AITD） are organ specific autoimmune disease mediated by a group of T cell- mediated, most commonly with Graves＇ disease（GD） and Hashimoto＇s thyroiditis（HT）, were characterized with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Statistics show that the global AITD prevalence rate is near 5%, those with the expression of anti thyroid antibody positive and asymptomatic subclinical AITD ratio will have a higher incidence rate, especially in women 30 to 40 years of age. The mechanism of inducing autoimmune thyroid disease is very complicated, and the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors is the key reason of AITD. In addition, the data show that AITD is associated with the occurrence of thyroid tumors, therefore, in time and accurate diagnosis and treatment is necessary. This article will make a brief introduction about the progress of AITD and the idea of inducing the immune tolerance of autoimmune disease.