西北河谷盆地生态系统服务的权衡与协同分析——以银川盆地为例

Tradeoffs-synergies Analysis among Ecosystem Services in Northwestern Valley Basin:Taking Yinchuan Basin as an Example

明晰生态系统服务权衡与协同的表现类型、形成机理、尺度依存和区域差异,是制定区域发展与生态保护"双赢"政策措施的有效途径。以银川盆地为研究区,对2000年和2014年净初级生产力(NPP)、保土、保水、固沙等生态系统服务物质量进行估算,利用相关分析法、ESTD模型和空间热点制图法分析了生态系统服务之间的权衡协同关系和生态环境空间分布特征及形成机理。结果表明:2000—2014年,4种生态系统服务物质量都有显著提高;空间分布均呈现中间高,四周低的格局;相关分析显示协同作用是各生态系统服务之间的主导关系;NPP与保水、固沙之间的协同程度较高;空间热点制图显示高值项增加的栅格占总数21.64%,高值项减少的栅格占总数21.49%;表明在银川盆地整体生态系统服务功能增加的趋势下内部增减规律并不一致。在南北方向上降水因素对生态系统服务有主导性影响,相关度为0.368;在东西方向上起主导作用的是植被和海拔,相关度分别为0.572和0.563;在东北-西南方向上海拔和湿度对生态系统的影响最大,相关度分别为-0.487和-0.417;在西北-东南方向上其主要影响的也是海拔和湿度,相关度为0.628和-0.628。生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系随尺度的变化而变化,具有明显的尺度依存性;同一尺度空间分布格局的影响因素也存在很大的差异性。

An effective method of formulating ＂ win-win＂ policies and the implementation of measures for regional development and ecological protection is to examine types,formation mechanisms,scale dependences and regional differences of tradeoffs and synergies among the ecosystem services.Based on relevant research models,this study evaluates the quality of NPP,soil conservation,water retention and sand prevention at the Yinchuan basin in 2000 and 2014.Besides,it also discusses tradeoffs and synergies among ecosystem services and the characteristics of spatial distribution of ecological environment by using the correlation analysis,ESTD,hot cartography of space,and makes a machine to rational analysis.The result shows that,during the period of 2000 to 2014,the four kinds of ecosystem service qualities have significantly improved,whose distribution are rendered ＂around the high,middle low＂ spatial distribution pattern;The correlation analysis displays that synergy is the dominant relationship among ecosystem services,and the synergy degree of NPP with water retention and sand prevention is more obvious.The hot cartography of space indicates that the increased area of high value of the grid account for 21.64% of the total,while the reduced grid of high value items account for 21.49% of the total.This suggests that the whole function of ecosystem services in Yinchuan basin is increasing trend,but the internal law of increase or reduce is not inconsistent.The mechanism analysis shows that east,in latitudinal direction,rainfall factor impact on the ecosystem services accounts for dominant,0.368;In east direction,the vegetation and elevation plays the leading role of 0.572 and 0.563respectively;In northeast to southwest,the elevation and moisture effects on the ecosystem are the largest,-0.487 and-0.417 respectively;In northwest to southeast,it is also influencing the elevation and moisture,0.628 and-0.628.Along with the change of scale,the tradeoff-synergy of ecosystem service has obvious scale dependence;The influence factors of the same scale space distribution pattern also have a big difference.