状态焦虑干扰抑制与转换功能:自我损耗的调节作用

State Anxiety Interferes with Inhibition and Switching Function:The Moderating Effect of Ego Depletion

目的:根据注意控制理论与自我控制的力量模型两个理论相互结合的原理,借助眼动任务范式,通过2个试验检验自我损耗在状态焦虑与注意控制关系中的调节作用。预试验探讨中文版E-crossing的自我损耗方法,即去除汉字中最常用的笔画"横",诱发抑制习惯性反应产生的损耗状态。试验一采用2×2的混合设计,自我损耗为组间变量,状态焦虑为组内变量;30名参与者被随机分为自我损耗组与非自我损耗组,经过6 min的自我损耗操控后,在高低状态焦虑下完成反映抑制功能的反向眼跳任务。结果表明,状态焦虑主效应显著(P<0.001,ηp2=0.572),自我损耗主效应不显著,二者交互作用显著(P=0.034,ηp2=0.151)。试验二也采用2×2的混合设计,自我损耗为组间变量,状态焦虑为组内变量;33名参与者被随机分为自我损耗组与非自我损耗组,经过6 min的自我损耗操控后,在高低状态焦虑下完成反映转换功能的混合反向眼跳任务。结果发现,状态焦虑主效应显著(P<0.001,ηp2=0.450),损耗状态主效应边缘显著(P=0.098,ηp2=0.086),且二者有显著交互作用(P=0.026,ηp2=0.150)。结论:本研究支持注意控制理论假设,且发现自我损耗在焦虑对注意控制中的抑制与转换功能的干扰具有调节作用。提示,可以将自我控制资源作为缓冲剂,通过预防或补偿来应对高焦虑状态对注意控制功能的消极影响,抑制分心刺激,维持注意转换,保证运动员比赛的正常发挥。

According to the principle of combination of the attentional control control theory and self-control strength model,this thesis aimed to examine themoderating effect of ego-depletion between state anxiety and attentional control by adopting the paradigm of eye movement task. Preliminary experiment explore ego-depletion method of E-crossing that is defined as remove the most commonly used strokes ＂horizontal＂ in Chinese and induce ego-depletion state ofsuppressing habitual reaction. In Experiment 1,we used 2-factor mixed design,ego-depletion state as between-group factor,state anxiety as within-groupfactor; Participants were randomly divided into depletion group and non-depletion group,after depletion manipulation,participants completed antisaccadetask in different state anxiety situations. The results showed that the main effect of state anxiety were significant（P〈0.001,ηp2=0.572）,the main effect ofego-depletion was not significant,and the interaction effect was significant（P=0.034,ηp2=0.151）. In Experiment 2,we also used 2-factor mixed design,ego-depletion state as between-group factor,state anxiety as within-group factor; Participants were randomly divided into depletion group and non-depletiongroup,after depletion manipulation,participants completed mixed antisaccade task in different state anxiety situations. The results showed that main effect ofstate anxiety were significant（P=0.000,ηp^2=0.450）,the main effect of ego-depletion was edge significant（P=0.098,ηp2=0.086）,and the interaction effectwas significant（P=0.026,ηp^2=0.150）. The results support the hypothesis of attentional control theory,and ego-depletion has moderating effect in the interference of anxiety on inhibition and switching function. This study suggest that self-control resource can be as a buffer,through prevention or compensation todeal with the negative influence of high anxiety state on attentional control function,inhibiting distraction stimulus,maintaining attention switching,ensurethat the normal performance of athletes in the game.