行动者、网络结构与网络互动:上海市体育公共服务政策变迁

Actors,Network Structure and Interaction:Policy Changes of Sports Public Services in Shanghai

上海市体育公共服务政策网络的议题形成伴随着区域经济发展及国家体育发展战略的转型,经历了分散化的议题网络——议题网络逐渐形成——议题网络位置不断巩固——政策社群与议题网络开始互动——核心网络加入三足鼎立形成5个阶段。行动者间关系、网络结构及网络互动则是决定体育公共服务政策变迁轨迹的核心要素,呈现政策社群的内部协调不断提升;政策社群与其他网络互动不断增强;网络结构不断开放,政策结果渐进式显现三个特征。在国家体育发展战略等外部环境因素影响以及网络结构内在驱动的双重作用下,上海市体育公共服务政策表现为渐进性变迁路径:政策社群决策的价值取向从国家本位转向人本位,但决策层的网络回应力偏低,针对性政策纠偏工作严重滞后;执行监管层的政府服务功能逐渐强化,但对其他上层行动者的行动策略参与性缺乏;社会组织参与核心网络的边界仍然模糊,其政策响应的机会主义倾向明显;议题网络中的公众参与性和满意度均有待提高;政策支持层的作用尚未得到充分发挥。改革的深入将引进新的政策网络成员并细分原有的网络结构,新的互动行为将触发新一轮的政策变迁。

Being formed with regional economic development and transformation of National Sports Strategy,issues on policy network of sports public services in Shanghai has undergone five stages：decentralized network of issues,issue-network gradually formed,issue-network position continuously consolidate,policy community and issue-network start to interact,core-network to join the three pillars. Relationship among actors,network structure and interaction determine the policy change process of sports public services. The interaction between the policy community and other networks is enhanced. The network structure is constantly open. The policy results display progressively. Under the dual influence of external environment factors such as national sportsdevelopment strategy and internal drive of network structure,policy changes of sports public service in Shanghai manifested as a progressive change path.The value orientation of policy community decision-making is steering people from the national standard,but network response and targeted policy lags farbehind of rectification work. The service function has been strengthening gradually for government regulators,but the other top actors＇ participatory lack ofstrategies. Passive acceptance and opportunism coexist in response to policies for social organizations. As an important part of the network,involvement andsatisfaction from public issues should be improved. With the deepening of reform and new members getting involved,the original network structure will befurther broken down and caused new interactive behavior among actors.