缓冲式跨栏架与普通跨栏架性能对比测评

Performance Comparison Evaluation between Buffer Hurdles and Ordinary Hurdles

目的:以普通L形配重跨栏架(简称普通跨栏架)为参照、《田径竞赛规则(2014—2015)》(简称《规则》)为标尺,对滑动缓冲式和滚动缓冲式两种比赛型安全跨栏架的性能进行测评,探究提升跨栏安全、保证公平的实际效果,为推广夯实基础。方法:采用实测法,对栏架总重量、前倾角、推倒力及动态栏高进行采集。利用能量的转化与守恒,通过做单摆运动的链球与栏架横木正碰,模拟运动员打栏,并用高速摄像机记录。采用访谈法,对缓冲式跨栏架的使用感受加以梳理。结果:缓冲式跨栏架总重量符合《规则》,栏架前倾角远大于普通跨栏架,能增加缓冲距离提升打栏安全。使用底座抬升装置进行高度补偿,可确保动态栏高恒定,保证竞赛公平。滚动缓冲式跨栏架的推倒力波动范围小,有助于减少因器材造成比赛不公。单摆模拟打栏发现使用滚动缓冲式跨栏架时能量损失最小,越接近横木中央,打栏初期冲力越小,缓冲效果越好,并得到运动员的印证;使用滑动缓冲式跨栏架时打栏时间最短。结论:缓冲式跨栏架符合《规则》要求,安全和公平性能优于普通跨栏架,尤以滚动缓冲式跨栏架表现突出,值得在比赛及训练中推广使用。

Objective：As a reference to ordinary counterweight hurdles with L shape（ordinary hurdles for short）,and as a criterion to the athletic competition rules（2014-2015）（rules for short）,this paper evaluated properties of safety hurdle for competition（sliding type buffer hurdles and rolling type buffer hurdles）. It probed the actual effect of security and fairness,buffer hurdles in order to apply and promote better. Methods：Using test method,we acquired total weight,anteversion angle,down force and dynamic hurdle high. Based on the law which is kinetic energy-potential energy interconversion andconservation in physics pendulum motion,by hammer beating hurdles,we simulated the process athlete beating hurdles and recorded with a high speedcamera. Using interviews,we summarized using feelings. Results：The total weight of buffer hurdles is met to rules. Their anteversion were much largerthan ordinary hurdles,which can increase the buffer distance,so as to enhance the safety bar fight. Use the base lifting device for height compensation,which ensures dynamic hurdle height is kept constant,so as to ensure the fairness of the competition. Rolling type buffer hurdle＇down force has narrowfluctuation range,which helps to reduce the unfair competition caused by equipment. To simulate beating hurdle with the pendulum can be found：whenrolling type buffer hurdles were used,the energy loss is minimal,and closer to the midpoint of the crossbar,smaller hit the hurdles in early momentum,better the cushioning effect for athlete; sliding type buffer hurdles＇ beating hurdles was shortest time. Conclusions：Buffer hurdles are in line with rules,interms of safety and fairness,performance is better than ordinary hurdles,especially for rolling type buffer hurdles,and should be promoted in competitions and training.