班固《汉书·礼乐志》的音乐批评思想

Music Criticism in Records of Rites and Music in The History of Han Dynasty

班固《汉书·礼乐志》所涉及的音乐批评思想较为丰富。首先是对汉代及之前制乐历史的评价,除了对衰乱之世不德政治及其音乐的批判,《礼乐志》对汉代之前的制乐历史予以充分肯定尤其对周代礼乐推崇备至。《礼乐志》对汉代音乐(雅乐)发展的历史采取了较为隐蔽但却是严厉的批判。在对雅郑音乐的评价上,《礼乐志》严格坚持着传统儒家崇雅贬郑的一贯原则。其坚持儒家音乐批评思想的立场还体现在对孔子音乐观念及活动的关注和推重。另外反复征用儒家经书为其评价依据,也是其音乐批评的重要特点。

Records of Rites and Music in The History of Han Dynasty written by BAN Gu contains quite abundant music criticism. Firstly it comments on the music history in Han Dynasty and that in the previous dynasties. Except for a harsh criticism of immorality and chaos of turbulent political period together with its music,it fully affirmed the music history,and particularly it worshipped the rites and music in Zhou Dynasty. Records of Rites and Music adopted a quite implicit but severe criticism on music（ Court Music） history. In the judgment of Court music and Zheng music,it strictly adhered to the consistent principle of worshipping the Confucian court music and belittling Zheng music. Its insistence on Confucian music was also demonstrated in the concern and esteem for Confucius＇ music concept and activities. Moreover,another important feature of its music criticism is that it cited Confucian classics for theoretical bases.