水利水电工程移民城镇化安置:特征、问题及机制创新

Urbanization-Based Resettlement in Water Resources Projects:Characteristics,Problems and Mechanism Innovations

移民安置一直是水利水电工程建设面临的核心问题之一。适应我国城镇化快速发展的趋势,移民安置越来越多地采用城镇化安置方式。移民安置方式的重大转变为移民重新选择生计提供了机会,但同时给移民带来了潜在风险。与传统的农业安置模式相比,移民城镇化安置具有生计来源非农化、生活消费方式市场化和生存环境社会化等特征。目前,我国在推进移民城镇化安置过程中遇到诸如补偿机制不合理导致的移民搬迁意愿不强、移民就业与生计面临困难、移民参与城镇化过程的主动性不强、移民应对风险的能力较弱等问题。这与水利水电工程移民安置的机制没有及时根据城镇化安置特点进行调整与完善有紧密关系。为了解决上述问题,需要建立与完善基于成本收益原则的补偿机制、以市场手段为主的资源配置机制、以保障移民收益权为中心的效益分享机制和以资金筹措为重点的移民社会保障机制。

Resettlement has been one of the core issues of water resources project construction. Urbanization-based resettlement has become a popular resettlement model toadapt to fast urbanization trend in China. The transformation of resettlement model has provided an opportunity with resettlers to choose livelihood at same time it has brought about potential risks to them. Urbanization-based resettlement with involuntary nature has some distinguished characteristics such as off farm employment-based livelihood, market-based consumption style as well as socialized urban urbanization-based resettlement such as environment. There are many problems facing inappropriate compensation mechanism, unemployment, resettlers＇ negative attitude and low risk avoidance ability. These problems are related to the outdated current resettlement mechanism which can not adapt to the new situation of urbanization-based resettlement. In order to solve these problems it is necessary to initiate and improve cost-benefit principle-based compensation mechanism, market-based resources allocation mechanism, resettlers＇earning rights-based benefit sharing mechanism as well as funding-focused resettlers＇ social security mechanism.