律令体系还是礼法体系?

The Traditional Chinese Legal System:Ritsuryō or Li–Fa?

"律令说"由日本学者提出,并不断发展完善,得到中国学者的广泛认可。"律令说"虽然以中国古代法律语词为外衣,但其背后体现的仍然是日本人效仿大陆法系的历史过程所产生的"法典情结";"律令说"的有效时段是魏晋到唐宋,这种对中国法律史掐头去尾,难以囊括中华法系的法历史;"律令说"只能用于表述中国古代刑事、行政方面的成文法,不能表述大经大法、祖宗之法、天下之法,难以涵盖中华法系的法体系;中华法系是礼法体系,从体系上看,包括礼典、律典、习惯法三个子系统,从历史上看,包括原型期、重组期、成熟期、衰落期四个阶段。

Japanese scholars hold that the traditional Chinese legal system was centered on specific laws and decrees(ritsuryō). This assertion was actually an embodiment of their code complex when Japan imitated the Continental legal system in the Meiji era. Though garbed in traditional Chinese legal terminologies, the notion of ritsuryō could not adequately cover the overall history of traditional Chinese law. Functionally, it can be used to describe the statutory criminal and administrative laws in ancient China, but not the basis of the traditional Chinese legal system, that is, the most orthodox and universal laws of the Great Way and ancestors. The traditional Chinese legal system is actually a li–fa system, consisting of three subsystems: ritual code, penal code, and customary law. Its history was characterized by four phases of development: birth, reformulation, maturity, and decline.