儒家的生活智慧

Life Wisdom of Confucianism

生活智慧,即对生活本质的洞彻能力。儒家认为生活的本质即生存(活着),其生活智慧即是对人之生存原则与生存意义的洞彻,它主要体现在五个方面:倡导以'义'尽'分'、以'分'合'群'的生存之道;着眼于自身以谋求人之问题的解决、着眼于现世以谋求人之当下的幸福,绝不将人之命运与幸福托付于上帝和来世;提倡以积极的生活态度与生活方式实现人生的意义与价值;坚信'德福一致',提倡以合道德的手段谋求人的幸福,坚决反对以不道德的手段谋求物质幸福;讲究'极高明而道中庸'(《中庸》)的生活艺术。基于对这五点的分析,作者认为儒家的生活智慧是关于人生正面的积极人生智慧,不涉及人生负面的消极的人生问题,与专注人生负面的释道之消极的人生智慧相比,对于人的生活意义更大,因为人毕竟不是为了'死'而是为了'生'而生活。

Life wisdom delivers clear insights into the essence of life. Confucians regard existence(living) as the essence of life and believe their life wisdom provides a type of understanding on the principles and the value of human existence. This wisdom can be observed in the following five aspects:(1) Advocating a way of life whereby righteousness defines social status of the people who establish membership in social groups;(2) Focusing on the self and this life in solving current issues—never entrusting one's fate and happiness to gods and the afterlife;(3) Promoting positive attitudes and ways of life in order to achieve greater meaning in one's life;(4) Believing in a consistency between morality and happiness—seeking happiness through ethical conduct; and(5) Valuing the art of life that pursues the most sublime aspirations and follows the Way of Centrality. In conclusion, the life wisdom of Confucianism concerns the positive side of human life, which is of greater significance because people live for life and not for death.