我国科研人员跨国流动的影响因素与问题研究

A research on the influencing factors and problems of international flow of Chinese researchers

对我国高等院校、科研机构和企业研发机构一线科技工作者的抽样问卷调查结果显示:影响我国科研人员出国的主要因素是国外科技水平高、科研管理规范以及工作条件和生活条件好。而影响科研人员回国的因素则主要是家庭亲人的影响,在国内有更好的发展空间以及对祖国的热爱等因素。调查表明,当前影响我国引进国际一流顶尖人才的主要问题是空气环境恶化、大城市的高房价以及科研管理不规范问题;企业难以吸引国际人才的主要因素是企业的发展前景不好预测、工作不如高校和科研机构稳定以及各种人才计划较少覆盖到企业;出国访问学者计划的主要问题是没有明确的科研目标以及缺乏有效的监督和评估机制。根据调查结果,文章提出了改进我国科研人员跨国流动的政策建议。

Based on a sample questionnaire of science and technology personnel at the universities,research institutions and enterprises RD institutions,it is found that the main influencing factors of researchers going abroad are high level of science and technology,regulation of scientific research management and good working and living conditions. We also found the main influencing factors of researchers going home are the influence of family,better career development and loving motherland. Our questionnaire results indicated that the main problems of the introduction of world-class top talent are the bad air environment,high house prices in big cities and nonstandard in scientific management; The main obstacles of the enterprises to attract international talent are the distrust development prospect and instable comparing with universities and institutions; The main problems of overseas visiting scholars program are the lacking of clear research goals and effective monitoring and evaluation mechanism. According to the questionnaire results,related policy suggestions on the Chinese researchers international flow are raised in the end.