中国企业“出口—生产率悖论”:理论裂变与检验重塑

Chinese Firms '“ Export-Productivity Paradox ”: Theory Extending and Testing Again

为了寻求中国企业"出口—生产率悖论"存在的理论解释,选择Melitz(2003)构建的模型框架,凝练出能够得出"生产率高的企业出口而生产率低的企业内销"命题所依赖的7条假定。通过重新审视这些假定,探寻了可能造成"悖论"的一系列原因,从而基本上囊括了目前所有对"悖论"的解释。利用2006~2007年《中国工业企业数据库》,利用工业总产值、资产总计与支付工资总额变量,计算一种命名为"投入成本生产率"的生产率,用于检验中国企业"出口—生产率悖论"的存在性。检验发现在30个制造业行业中有29个存在"悖论",从而成为了支持"悖论"存在性的最强经验证据。最后,探讨将"悖论"作为经济现实时,如何对待异质性企业贸易理论的问题。目前,无法构建导致"悖论"存在的充分条件,除非设定极为苛刻的假设条件。即使能够得到这种充分条件,所依赖的模型构建也只是与异质性企业贸易理论相平行的理论,用于解释中国经济现实而已。

In order to explain Chinese enterprises'export-productivity paradox'in theory,this paper obtains seven assumptions that could receive the result'firms with higher productivity will export but with lower productivity only enter domestic market'in the framework of Melitz(2003)model.This paper almost contains all existing analyses about the paradox with pursuing the reasons for the paradox by reanalyzing these seven assumptions respectively.This paper calculates a new productivity in firm field with the variables total output value,total assets and total wages to test the status of Chinese enterprises'export-productivity paradox'by using Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database 2006-2007.It obtains the strongest evidence for the paradox as 29 industries have the paradox in all 30 manufacturing industries.Finally,this paper provides the academic perspectives to understand the heterogeneous firm trade theory when the paradox is treated as an economic reality.People could not construct a sufficient condition to explain the paradox unless use extremely harsh assumptions at present.The theory only is parallel to heterogeneous firm trade theory,even if people construct a model with sufficient condition of the paradox.The new theory only use to understand the'export-productivity paradox'in Chinese economic reality.