小陇山林区主要林地类型土壤入渗特征

Soil infiltration characteristics of main forest lands in Xiaolongshan Region

【目的】选择小陇山林区最适宜的涵养水源森林类型,减轻水土流失程度.【方法】采用环刀法对小陇山林区6种主要林地类型土壤入渗特征进行研究.【结果】6种主要林地土壤稳渗率依次为:锐齿栎林(6.52mm/min)>阔叶混交林(5.30mm/min)>油松林(4.89mm/min)>华山松林(4.48mm/min)>日本落叶松林(3.87mm/min)>无林地(3.62mm/min);Kostiakov模型对土壤入渗过程的拟合精度比较高;同一林地类型土壤初始入渗率和稳定入渗率都随着土层深度的增加而减少;土壤初渗率与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关,土壤稳渗率与土壤密度呈极显著负相关,与非毛管孔隙度成极显著正相关.【结论】阔叶林土壤入渗能力较强,可有效改善生态质量.

[Objective] To choose the most suitable type of water conservation forest in Xiaolongshan region and reduce the soil and water loss. [Method] Soil infiltration characteristics of 6 forests were stud- ied by double cutting ring method. [Result] The steady-state infiltration rate was in order of Quercusa- lienavar vat. acuteserrata （6. 52 ram/rain）, broadleaved mixed forest （5.30 mm/min）,Pinus tabulae For- mis （4.89 ram/rain）, Pinus armandii Franch （4. 48 mm/min）, Larix ksrrnpferi （3. 87 mm/min）, non- stocked land （3.62 mm/min）. The fitting precision with Kostiakov＇s model was higher than with others. The first soil infiltration rate and the steady-state infiltration rate of the same forest land decreased with the increment of soil depth. Soil moisture content was found to have a negative correlation with the first soil infiltration rate. A negative correlation was observed between steady-state infiltration rate and soil bulk density,but a positive one between steady-state infiltration rate and non-capillary porosity. [Conclusion] The soil infiltration ability of broad-leaved is stronger, which can effectively improve the ecological quality.