老工业基地产业区域专业化与集聚分析——基于吉林省中部的实证研究

Regional Specialization and Geographic Concentration: Empirical Studies of Old Industrial Base in Northeast China Based on a Case Study of the Central Jilin Province

基于新经济地理学模型的基本理论框架,以吉林省中部地区为例,运用地区相对专业化指数、地区间专业化指数和区位基尼系数等方法定量分析了2004—2010年吉林省中部地区各城市工业与第三产业的地区专业化和地理集聚程度及其变化。研究结果表明:1)从整体上看,2004—2010年吉林省中部地区工业与第三产业的相对专业化指数有所下降,表明吉林省中部地区工业结构与第三产业结构逐渐向多元化发展。2)2004—2010年吉林省中部地区地方专业化程度高的产业仍是老工业基地的传统优势产业,而以高新技术产业为主的知识技术密集型产业专业化程度较低。3)2004—2010年吉林省中部地区的农副食品加工业、食品制造业等产业的区位基尼系数下降,表明这些行业在空间内呈现快速扩散的状态,木材加工等部分行业的区位基尼系数上升,呈现出进一步集聚的态势。第三产业中各行业集聚水平较低。最后,提出了促进产业结构优化和地区经济协调发展的相关对策。

Based on the theory of new economic geography, taking the central Jilin Province as a case, the paper uses relative regional specialization index, inter-regional specialization index, and lo- cational Gini coefficient to quantitatively analyze the regional specialization and geographic concentra- tion of each city in central Jilin Province from 2004 to 2010. The result shows that： 1 ） During 2004 and 2010, relative regional specialization index of the second industry and the third industry slightly decreased, indicating that the industrial structure had been diversified gradually. 2 ） The high local specialized index industry was still the traditional advantage industry of old industrial base, yet the lo- cal specialized index industry of high and new technology industry was still low. 3 ） The locational Ginicoefficients of farm and sideline food processing industry, food manufacturing industry appeared decli- ning, shows the state of these industries present the fast diffusion in the space, while, the locational Gini coefficient of wood-processing industry rises, which presents further agglomeration, the tertiary in- dustry shows low concentration level. Finally, some measures on promoting industrial structure optimi- zation and regional economic coordinated development are proposed.