高升力翼型复杂流动模拟中湍流模型性能评估

Evaluation on turbulence models in simulating complex flows around high-lift airfoil

采用软件Fluent中工程常用的7个涡黏湍流模型对某种高升力3段翼的降落阶段绕流进行了数值模拟.通过和试验及经过试验校验过的延迟脱体模拟(delayed detached eddy simulation,DDES)结果进行详细的对比分析,包括翼型压力系数、马赫数、涡量场和湍动能分布等,系统地研究了常用涡黏湍流模型对该高升力翼型的模拟性能.结果表明:对于平均流场,standard k-ω模型的模拟性能最好,能较好预测翼型压力系数、襟翼分离区位置和大小等;SST(shear stress transport)k-ω模型性能也较好,一方程SA(Spalart-Allmaras)模型和四方程v^2-f模型具有相近的性能,而k-ε系列模型性能相对较差.对于湍流场的模拟性能,和上述平均流场对比所得结论相一致,但所有湍流模型均未预测出襟翼分离区附近湍动能"最大"的分布特征.

The flows around the three-element high-lift airfoil under the approaching conditions using seven eddy-viscosity turbulence models commonly applied to engineering in Fluent software were simulated numerically. Through a systematic comparison of the simulation results with the experiment results and the corresponding delayed detached eddy simulation （DDES） results, including the pressure coefficient, Mach number, vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy of airfoil, conclusions were drawn about their predicting abilities for this airfoil. Results show that, the standard k-ω model has the best predicting abilities for the averaged flow field, providing a better simulation for the pressure coefficient around the airfoil, the separating point and separating zone magnitude on the flap; the shear stress transport （SST） k-ω model also has the same abilities. The one-equation SA （Spalart-All- maras） model and four-equations v2-f model shares similar abilities; but the simulation re-sults given by the k-ε ties for the turbulent series models seem worse compared to kinetic energy, conclusions drawn. However, the ＂largest＂ turbulent kinetic e zone on the flap isn＇t captured by all the turbulence similar nergy dis models. all. As for the predicting abili- to the averaged flow field are tribution around the separating