基于RS和GIS天津市津南区气象灾害风险区划研究

Study on meteorological disaster risk division in Jinnan District of Tianjin based on RS and GIS

利用2014年7月Landsat 8数据,基于RS和GIS技术对天津市津南区气象灾害进行了风险区划。结果表明:基于RS技术提取的天津市津南区高精度土地利用分类,为气象灾害评价提供了重要的基础数据;运用GIS技术将2004—2014年天津市津南区的气象观测数据、地理环境和历史灾情等基础数据整合,采用层次分析法、风险指数法及综合加权法等方法建立了二级评价指标体系,分别从致灾因子、孕灾环境、承载体脆弱性和灾害防御措施4个一级指标展开,建立了津南区各种气象灾害的风险评估模型,绘制了天津市津南区气象灾害综合风险区划图。天津市津南区气象灾害高风险区主要集中分布在人口密度大、工业产业密集及灾害防御能力薄弱的区域,如城区和大片农业种植区;而人口少和经济密度低的区域对各种气象灾害反应不敏感,属于气象灾害低风险区。

Based on the data of Landsat 8 in July 2014, the risk division of meteorological disasters in Jinnan Dis- trict of Tianjin was carried out using RS （Remote Sensing） and GIS （ Geographic Information System） technolo- gies. The results show that the high precision land classification in Jinnan District of Tianjin based on RS technolo- gy provides important basic data for evaluating the meteorological disasters. The meteorological data and geograph- ical environment as well as historical disaster information from 2004 to 2014 in Jinnan District of Tianjin are inte- grated using GIS technology. A two-rank evaluation index system is established using hierarchy analysis, risk in- dex, integrated weighting, and other analysis methods. At the same time, a risk evaluation model is established to assess the different kinds of meteorological disasters in Jinnan District, in which four items, i. e. , the causing disas- ter factor, inducing disaster environment, carrying bodies＇ vulnerability and disaster prevention measurement are se- lected as the first-rank indexes. Furthermore, the division map of meteorological disaster comprehensive risk in Jin- nan District of Tianjin is drawn as well. The high risk zones mainly concentrate at the regions with high population density and industrial concentration or low disaster prevention ability, such as urban and the large agricultural plant- ing areas. In contrast, the regions with low population density and economic density are not sensitive to all kinds of meteorological disasters, and they belong to the low risk zones.