地震灾害埋压人员评估的研究进展

Advances on the Assessment Methods of Buried Personnel Distribution in Earthquake Disaster

快速挽救生命,最大限度地减少人员伤亡,是震后应急救援工作的首要之重。如何在有限的时间内,对埋压人员进行高效、有序的搜索和救援,从而在最大限度上保护人民群众的生命健康,是现阶段我国震后应急救援方面亟待研究的一个重要问题。通过对影响地震人员埋压因素的分析,及对地震埋压人员分布评估方法的总结,发现:建筑物倒塌和人员在室,是造成地震中建筑倒塌人员埋压的两个先决条件。其中,建筑物的受损程度主要受地震危险性和建筑物的易损性决定;而人员在室情况与地震发生时间、节假日情况、人口密度、人口职业、建筑物用途等因素直接相关。而鉴于地震应急救援工作的需要,基于社区、行政村、乡镇及公里格网等小尺度的评估,将会是未来地震人员伤亡与埋压研究的主要方向。

To save lives quickly and minimize losses of life is the most important one of the goals for earthquake emergency rescue work. How to search and rescue the buried people orderly and efficiently in the limited time, and to protect people＇s life and health on the maximum, is an important problem needed to prompt study of earthquake emergency rescue at present stage in China. Through the analysis of factors influencing buried personnel distribution in earthquake disaster, this paper found that collapsed buildings and people in the room were two pre- requisites to cause the people buried in the collapsed buildings. And the damage level of the building is mainly de- cided by seismic hazard risk and vulnerability of buildings; the scale of people in the room is directly related to earthquake time, holidays, population density and population profession, and building purposes etc. factors. In view of the needs of the earthquake emergency rescue work, the assessment of small scale based on community, ad- ministrative villages, towns and the km grid, etc. , will be the main direction of research on earthquake casualties and people buried in the future.