陕西榆神府生态脆弱矿区地质灾害演化过程

Evolutionary Process of Geological Hazards in Yushenfu Ecological Fragile Mining Area

由于自然因素和人为因素的交织、叠代作用,陕西省榆神府矿区生态环境脆弱敏感多变、水资源短缺、土地沙化与水土流失较为严重,而地质灾害的孕育、发生、发展及形成又加剧了生态环境的脆弱性。在阐述研究区地质灾害发育特征、分布规律的基础上,探讨了榆神府地区崩塌、滑坡与地面塌陷的演化过程:滑坡、崩塌演化过程是黄土沟壑→脆弱的自然边坡→人为活动→形成不稳定边坡→水、岩土与人为作用耦合→地质灾害发生→加剧生态环境的脆弱;地面塌陷演化过程是河湖三角洲沉积→聚集煤系地层→在自然状态下岩土体应力平衡→人为开发利用矿产资源→地下形成采空区→围岩应力再分配→地面变形→地面塌陷灾害→加剧生态环境的脆弱。

Because of the effect of natural and human factors interweave, iterative. Ecological environment become fragile sensitive and variable, water resources shortage, land desertification and soil erosion is serious in Yushenfu mining area of Shaanxi. Gestate, occurrence, development and the formation of the geological hazards ex- acerbated the fragility of eco-environment. In this paper, based on expounding development characteristics and dis- tribution regularity of geological hazards, discuss the evolutionary process of collapse, landslide and ground collapse in yushenfu area. The evolutionary process of landslide, collapse is loess ravine-→fragile natural slope-→human ac- tivity-→formation of unstable slope-→coupled with water, soil, rock and human function-→geological hazards occur- rence--→exacerbated the fragility of eco-environment. The evolutionary process of ground collapse is lake and river deltaic deposits→gathered coal-bearing strata-→balance of soil or rock mass stress in a natural state→human exploit and utilize of mineral resources -→ the formation of mining empty area→surrounding rock stress redistribution-→ ground deformation→ground collapse occurrence→exacerbated the fragility of eco-environment.