3～6岁幼儿移动性动作发展与感知身体能力关系的实证研究

The Relationship Between Locomotor Development and Perceived Physical Competence in Children Aged 3-6 Years: an Empirical Study

目的：分析不同性别、年龄幼儿感知身体能力及移动性动作发展的差异,检测幼儿移动性动作发展与感知身体能力的关系。方法：采用整群抽样的方法选取了295名3-6岁幼儿（平均年龄4.5岁,标准差0.55岁）,按照年龄分组测试3-6岁幼儿的移动性、操作性动作发展（使用大肌肉动作发展测试第3版）及感知身体能力（使用形象化儿童感知能力与社会适应量表中身体能力感知分量表）,在2个量表信效度检验基础上,分析比较不同性别、年龄幼儿移动性、操作性动作发展的差异,不同性别幼儿感知身体能力的差异,采用皮尔森相关分析不同类动作与感知身体能力的关系,采用线性回归验证移动性动作发展对感知身体能力的影响。结果：大肌肉动作发展测试量表（TGMD-3）与感知身体能力分量表（PSPC-P）在本次研究中有较好的信效度;3-6岁幼儿感知身体能力与移动性动作发展有显著相关性（r=0.654,P〈0.001）,与操作性技能有相关性（r=0.313,P〈0.05）;女童表现出更高的移动性动作发展和感知身体能力（r=0.346,P〈0.05）;受试幼儿大肌肉动作发展测试中移动性动作发展较快,操作性动作发展较慢;本次研究中移动性动作发展在不同年龄分组中呈现出显著差异（P〈0.001）;感知身体能力呈现出显著的性别差异（P〈0.001）,年龄分组差异无统计学意义。结论：TGMD-3与PSPC-P适合3-6岁幼儿移动性动作发展评估;女童移动性动作发展与感知身体能力水平均高于男童;3-6岁幼儿的感知身体能力与移动性动作发展有正向显著相关关系,移动性动作对感知身体能力产生重要影响。

Objective： This study aimed at analyzing the differences and relationship between the children＇s locomotor development and perceived physical competence in different age and gender. Methods： Two hundred and ninety-five children in 3 to 6 years old（ 4. 5 ± 0. 55y） were chosen by cluster sampling method. According to age,they were giving grouping test on locomotor and object control by using Test of Gross Motor Development 3（ TGMD-3）and perceived physical ability subscale（ PSPC-P） respectively. Based on the reliability and validity of the two scales,the author compared the differences between the children＇s locomotor development and perceived physical competence in different age and gender and analyzed their relationship by pearson correlation. Linear regression was used to verify the effects of locomotor development on perceived physical competence. Results： In this study,TGMD-3 and PSPC-P scales have good reliability and validity. Children＇s perceived physical competence in 3 to 6years has a significant correlation with locomotor development（ r = 0. 654,P 0. 001） and a correlation with object control（ r = 0. 313,P 0. 05） while girls show higher relationships（ r = 0. 346,P 0. 05）. The TGMD test shows that subjects has faster locomotor development and slower object control development. Locomotor development in different age groups shows significant differences（ P 0. 001） while perceived physical competence shows significant differences in different gender（ P 0. 001）. There was no significant difference between age groups.Conclusions： TGMD-3 and PSPC-P scales are suitable for 3 to 6 years old children to assess locomotor development. Girls have higher perceived physical competence and locomotor development levels than boys. Three to six years old children＇s locomotor development has significant positive correlation with perceived physical competence and has an important effect on it.