我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素研究

Research on Advantage Elements of Win Again of Chinese Diving Olympic Champions

目的:探究促进我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素。方法:首先深入国家跳水队对奥运冠军进行为期1年多的参与式观察;其次选择我国跳水奥运冠军7名、亚军1名以及双人项目跳水奥运冠军搭档3名进行面对面的深度访谈(每个受访者单独访谈1次,每次访谈2 h左右),最后就有关访谈结果与其重要他人及时核实,以全面、深入且多角度了解促进跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素及其排序。结果:促进我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素为心理优越感、跳水天分、技术优势、训练积累、比赛经验、竞赛心理优势6个内在优势,以及裁判印象、举国体制2个外在优势;依据其促进作用从大到小排序,表现出有些不尽相同有些大相径庭的个体差异;促进我国双人项目跳水奥运冠军搭档与其共创辉煌的典型优势元素为搭档、配合默契。结论:我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素以内在优势为主,突显了再次夺冠的主体作用;各个优势元素排序颇具个体差异,凸显了奥运冠军的独特性及其成功之路的不可复制性;我国双人项目跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素积极影响搭档与其共创辉煌。

Objective ： The purpose of this study was to explore the advantage elements of win again of Chinese div- ing Olympic champions. Methods： Firstly, the author surveyed Olympic champion of national diving team more than one year by participant observations; secondly, seven diving Olympic champion, one Olympic runner-up, three diving Olympic champion partners of synchronized events were selected and in-depth interviewed face to face （each interviewee interviewed once alone, about 2 hours per interview） ; finally, verified interview results with their significant others timely, in order to comprehensively, profoundly and multi-perspectively explored advantage elements and their sequence which can promote Chinese diving Olympic champions to win again. Results： The 6 inherent advantage elements of win again of Chinese diving Olympic champion are psychological superiority, diving talent, technical advantage, training accumulation, game experience and contest psychological advantage, while the 2 external ones are referee impression and national system. Its sequence from large to small sort according to their promoting effects show individual differences. Tacit understanding and team work are typical advantages of promoting Chinese diving Olympic champions to create brilliant together with their partners in synchronized events. Conclusions： The majority advantages of win again of Chinese diving Olympic champion are the inherent ones, which highlight the main body effect. Their sequence show individual differences, which highlight the uniqueness of Olympic champions and their non-copyable success roads. Advantage elements of win again of Chinese synchro- nized diving Olympic champions positively impact their partners on creating brilliant together.