我国劳动力资源错配程度测算与分析——基于产业和区域视角

Estimation and Analysis of the Degree of Misallocation of Labor Resources in China——Based on the Persepective of Industry and Regional

文章借助劳动力资源错配的分析框架,利用我国1985-2011年数据,实证测算了我国劳动力资源在城乡之间、城市内部以及东、中、西部地区错配程度。结果表明,从全国维度来看,全国总体劳动力资源错配和农业与非农业之间劳动力资源错配变动趋势基本一致,大体呈倒U型;从区域维度来看,全国总体劳动力资源错配和农业与非农业之间劳动力资源错配均呈现出"东低西高"的特征,而城市内部劳动力资源错配程度三大区域却呈现出波浪式上升的特点。进一步通过对2009年和2011年的对比分析可知,纳含人力资本因素时的劳动力资源错配程度在城乡之间以及东、中、西部地区总体方面有所下降,而城市内部方面却有所上升。据此,文章在剖析劳动力资源错配产生原因的基础上提出了一些政策建议。

By means of the analysis framework of the labor resources misallocation and using the data from 1985 to 2011 in our country, this paper estimates the degree of labor resources misallocation of between urban and rural areas, inner cities and the regions（eastern, central and western） in China. The results show that, from the point of the national dimension, the trend of the overall labor resources misallocation is the almost same with the misallocation between agricultural and non-agricultural, which presents generally a inverted-U shaped, from the point of regional dimension, the characteristics of labor resources misallocation of overall and agricultural and non-agricultural, nevertheless, the characteristics of the internal-urban labor resources misallocation of three regions show wave rise. Furtherly, through the comparison analysis of 2009 and 2011, the degree of the labor misallocation included the human capital factors slightly decreases for the urban-rural and three regions, but declines for the inner-urban. Lastly, the article analyzes the causes of the mismatching of labor resources, and puts forward some policy Suggestions.