人力资本投资二元性对城乡收入差距的影响

An Empirical Study on the Impact of the Dualism Investment of Human Capital on the Rural-urban Income Gap

城乡人力资本的差距是造成城乡收入差距的深层次原因。不同收入约束条件下,城乡居民进行人力资本投资时如果政府和私人的供给成本不同就会出现不同的人力资本投资均衡点。文章利用2009-2013年全国面板数据,分析了政府和个人二元人力资本投资导致的人力资本城乡分布不均衡以及由此引起的城乡收入差别。结果表明:城市中政府人力资本投资和农村个人人力资本投资是影响人力资本分布差距的主要原因。农村居民的个人人力资本投资显著影响人力资本存量并导致人力资本城乡差距,其收入的限制致使无法达到与城市居民相同的人力资本投资均衡点。只有政府偏向农村的教育投资以及提高农民收入并引导其进行人力资本投资,才能更有效地缩小城乡人力资本差距,从根本上解决城乡收入差距。

The gap of human capital is the essential cause of the Rural-urban Income Gap. There are different human capital investment equilibrium point under different of urban and rural residents＇ income constraints and government and private supply costs during the process of human capital investment. This paper analyzes the imbalance between urban and rural distribution of human capital caused by dualism Investment and the great Rural-urban Income Gap that it precipitated using the panel data of 2009-2013 in China.The results show that both the government investment of human capital in urban and private investment in rural areas become the main reason for the distribution of human capital. The private human capital investment of rural residents significantly affects the stock of human capital, and the limitation of its income can not reach the same human capital investment equilibrium point as urban residents.Only if the government tends to invest in rural education increase the income of farmers and guide the investment of human capital, the gap between urban and rural human capital can be more efficient, and fundamentally solve the gap between urban and rural income.