湖南汨罗方言的补语标记“得”和“唧”

The Complement Marker [tε■]得 and [ti┐]唧 in Miluo Dialect,Hu'nan Province

汨罗话补语标记"得"和"唧"呈互补分布模式,这一模式凸显了断言与描写两类补语类型的对立。"唧"实质上来源于趋向动词"起",且语法化途径与"得"类似。从岳阳十五个地区方言的补语标记使用情况来看,汨罗话"得"和"唧"表现出了不同的语言类型学特征,处于岳阳各地区方言补语标记模式向"得"泛化过程中的原始阶段。受补语是否包含"量"的语义特征制约,"得"与"唧/起"在岳阳一些方言中还不能自由替换。

The complement markers [ tε-l ]得 and [tgi-1]唧 in Miluo dialect exhibit a complementary pattern, which highlights the difference between assertive and descriptive complements. The complement marker originates from the directional verb, and the grammaticalization path resembles that of [ tε-l ]得. Based on an investigation of the usage of complement markers in fifteen dialects in Yueyang city, the complement markers in Miluo dialect show different typological features, which are at the primitive stage in the generalization process of [ tε-l ]得. The two complement markers [ tε-l ]得and are not interchangeable in some dialects, constrained by quantity, thesemantic characteristicof complements.