新数据环境下定量城市研究的四个变革

Four Transformations of Chinese Quantitative Urban Research in the New Data Environment

本文阐述了近年来新数据环境下的城市研究变革。首先介绍了大数据和开放数据形成的新数据环境和国内外定量城市研究概况,然后围绕典型案例对当前定量城市研究的四项变革及相关实践展开讨论,最后提出相关思考。本文认为,新数据环境推动了定量城市研究的四大变革:(1)空间尺度上由小范围高精度、大范围低精度到大范围高精度的变革;(2)时间尺度上由静态截面到动态连续的变革;(3)研究粒度上由"以地为本"到"以人为本"的变革;(4)研究方法上由单一团队到开源众包的变革。在变革的同时,当前定量城市研究也面临着数据有偏、多现状研究少远景判断、多客观认识少规划启示,以及规划理论和学科发展相关问题。

The paper provides an overview on the transformation of Chinese urban study driven by the emergence of new data environment in China in recent years. We firstly give a brief introduction on the new data environment, which has been made possible by the availability of big data and open data in recent years, as well as a review on the research progress both in China and abroad. It is followed by an analysis on four major transformations in quantitative urban study, supported by typical research cases, which are （1） transformation in spatial scale from high resolution but small coverage or wide coverage but low resolution to wide coverage with high resolution; （2） transformation in temporal scale from static cross-sectional to dynamic consistent; （3） transformation in granularity from land-oriented to human-oriented; （4） transformation in methodology from conventional research group to crowd-sourcing. The paper also points out that quantitative urban research is faced with problems like data bias, lack of long term analysis, lack of linkage to planning practice, etc.