希腊的规划体系和城市文化遗产管理

Planning System and Urban Heritage Management in Contemporary Greece

希腊是西方文明和城市的主要发祥地之一,其两千多年的文化历史积淀是希腊、欧洲甚至全人类的珍宝。本文以城市文化遗产管理为研究对象,从希腊空间规划体系的解读入手,以希腊第二大城市塞萨洛尼基旧城为例,探讨了希腊城市文化遗产管理的矩阵模式。即在欧盟政策框架下,结合断代、类别和文物重要程度形成矩阵式文物清单,以制度设计实现部门协作,进而通过建设许可规制开发行为,保护和合理利用城市文化遗产。希腊经验给我国如下启示:文化遗产是理想的教化载体,文化遗产的保护与合理利用应与生态环境保护、气候变化减缓等问题具有同等重要地位,并作为规划许可的强制性前置条件;具有重要文化遗产的城市的详细规划审批权应根据文物重要程度由相应行政部门行使;城市文化遗产可将类别与重要程度相结合构成矩阵评定模式;城市文化遗产管理中应合理利用市场和社会力量参与。

Greece is one of the main birthplaces of western civilization. Its two-thousandyear culture and history is a treasure of not only Greece, Europe but the world. Taking urban heritage management as the research object, the spatial planning system of contemporary Greece has been illustrated. Moreover, with historical heritages in walled Thessaioniki, a matrix model of urban cultural heritage management is presented and analyzed. Under the policy framework of the EU, this model can identify and category urban heritages according to respective type and importance. Departments of heritage management and Depamnents of urban planning management may work together based on a building permit mechanism so that urban heritage related development behaviors can be regulatexl. Greek experience shows that cultural heritages are ideal carriers of citizen education. The preservation, maintenance and proper use of cultural heritages should be of the same importance as environmental protection and climate change mitigation. Therefore, relevant requirements of heritage management could be prerequisites of building permission. Given urban heritages with greater public interest in valid territories of certain urban detailed plans, higher political authorities should take the responsibility of plan approval. The matrix model of urban cultural heritage management could be applied to urban heritages＇ identification and classification. In addition, market and social forces may also be introduced to urban heritage management.