荷兰社会住房政策体系对公共租赁住房建设的启示

The Reference for Chinese Public Rental Housing from the Dutch Experience

自20世纪初以来,荷兰对于社会住房建设积累了丰富的实践经验。其中,荷兰独特的政策与社会住房体系在一百多年内的演变,以及政府与社会住房机构在不同历史阶段所扮演的角色差异是本文讨论的主要内容。总体来看,随着社会住房机构的逐渐独立,政府的决定权在不断下放,社会住房机构在良好的社会住房管理体制和积极的房地产发展下,从依靠政府贷款走向了经济独立的发展模式,从而成为荷兰社会住房建设的主体。此外,租金管制与住房补贴制度也较大地推动了社会住房的发展。随着中国保障性住房建设进程的加快,公共租赁住房将在保障房建设中扮演越来越重要的角色,但当前大城市公共租赁住房的建设普遍面临着土地、融资和管理等诸多难题。荷兰社会住房的建设经验可以为中国公租房建设在机构设置和政策制定方面提供一定的借鉴。

Since the early 20th century, the Dutch social housing provision has accumulated a wealth of practical experience. This paper discusses the evolution of the unique policies and social housing systems within more than a hundred years in the Netherlands, and the distinct roles of the governments and social housing organizations in different historical periods. Accompanied by the decentralization process and real estate development, the social housing organizations have gradually become economically independent and been the main actor in social housing construction. Furthermore, rent control and the housing subsidy system have promoted the development of social housing in the Netherlands. In the past few years, China has accelerated the construction of indemnificatory housing, in which public rental housing will play an increasingly important role. However, the provision of public rental housing in Chinese big cities has currently encountered many issues ranging from land shortage to financial and management difficulties. The experience of social housing construction in the Netherlands may provide a reference for Chinese public rental housing policy.