海南国际旅游岛建设前后旅游发展质量评价研究

The Development of Tourism Quality before and after the Construction of Hainan International Tourist Island

海南国际旅游岛建设已经过去5年,对政策实施前后旅游发展质量进行比较评价,查优补劣总结经验恰逢其时。综合考虑旅游发展主要影响因子,建立了经济发展水平、居民福利水平、基础服务设施能力、发展效益4个一级指标,包含16个二级指标的海南旅游发展质量评价指标体系。研究结果表明:2004年、2009年和2014年海南省旅游发展质量分别为0.342 9、0.505 3和0.758 2,政策实施后旅游发展质量大幅提升,发展质量为政策实施前的1.56倍。在一级指标中经济发展水平和居民福利水平增长最快,发展质量分别为政策实施前的1.72倍和2.27倍;政策实施后基础服务设施建设扩张速度放缓,旅游发展效率逐年下降的趋势得以扭转,旅游发展质量显著提升。从单项发展指标来看,仍存在旅游收入占GDP的比重不高,经济增长主要依赖于投资拉动,旅游酒店特别是高星级酒店建设过剩,酒店入住率不高;国际游客数量和比例偏低、国际吸引力不足等问题,距离知名国际旅游岛的发展水平仍有较大的距离。

Five years has passed since the construction of Hainan International Tourist Island commenced. It is time to evaluate and compare the tourism development quality before and after the policy implementation, as well as sum up the experience. Based on comprehensive consideration of the main factors affecting tourism development, an evaluation index system is established in this paper, which contains 4 first level indicators,including economic development level,residents＇ welfare level, basic services capabilities and development outcomes, and 16 second level indicators. The results show that Hainan tourism development quality in 2004,2009 and 2014 are 0. 342 9, 0. 505 3 and 0. 758 2 respectively, the tourism development quality has improved greatly after the policy implementation, 1.56 times of that before the policy implementation. Among first level indicators, economic development level and Residents＇ welfare level grow the fastest, the development quality are 1.72 times and 2.27 times respectively of that before the policy implementation. After the policy implementation, the trends that basic service infrastructure expansion slowed down and tourism development efficiency decreased year by year have reversed, tourism development quality has improved significantly. From the aspect of individual development indicator,many problems still remain,such as ratio of tourism revenue in GDP is not high,number and proportion of international visitors are low, lack of international appeal and so forth. In order to develop into a famous international tourist island, Hainan still has a long way to go.