土地利用/覆盖与景观格局变化对景观多功能性的影响——以北宋皇陵文化景观为例

Effects of Land Use and Land Cover and Landscape Pattern Changes on Landscape Multi-functionality:The Case Study in Cultural Landscape of Royal Mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty

景观格局的时空变化是导致景观功能及其服务具有空间差异性的根本原因.研究景观格局变化对景观功能的影响,尤其是土地利用与土地覆盖变化,能够为进一步揭示景观服务的动态变化提供科学依据.以巩义市的北宋皇陵为研究对象,通过对北宋皇陵文化景观的土地利用/覆盖和景观格局动态的变化研究,探讨了该类型景观的功能及其服务的可能变化趋势.研究结果显示,北宋皇陵文化景观的生产功能和文化功能及其相应的景观服务之间出现了严重的冲突,这主要是由于农业和建筑用地大面积侵入到皇陵景观中而导致的.基于土地利用/覆盖和景观结构的变化对北宋皇陵景观的多功能性及其服务变化的研究,能够为今后进一步分析该研究区景观服务之间的权衡、景观服务的定量化评价奠定研究基础,也为缓解北宋皇陵区的人地关系矛盾、促进区域可持续发展提供了新的研究途径,具有重要的研究意义.

Temporal and spatial changes of landscape pattern can lead to spatial differences of landscape functions and services.Studying the effects of landscape changes especially the land use and land cover changes on landscape functions and services can provide basic information and study basis for exploring dynamic changes of landscape services of the area.Cultural landscape is the reflection of a specific aera and cultural development of a specific area,which is built on the basis of natural landscape and has a variety of features and values such as education,esthetic enjoyment,and cultural goods.In this paper,the study is carried out in area of the royal mausoleum of Northern Song Dynasty,located in the Gongyi City of Henan Province of China.This royal mausoleum is the representative and residual heritage of the Northern Song Dynasty,showing very important historical and cultural values in China history.However,because of the long-term disturbance of human activities,the royal mausoleum of Northern Song Dynasty has been seriously destroyed even if the local government has taken several protection strategies.For this study,we try to find a proper solution based on the understanding of landscape ecology for solving the current problems of this royal mausoleum.Our aim is to analyze the effects of landscape pattern on landscape functions and services in the cultural landscape,and to finally provide useful study basis for resolving of human and land useconflicts.The whole study area can be divided into 13 patch types,but the imperial tombs area has been mainly occupied by the agricultural and construction lands.The serious human-land use conflicts make the protection of the royal mausoleum become much more difficult.In the study area,the cultural service and production service are showing serious conflicts,which indicates that there are obvious human-land use conflicts in the royal mausoleum area and this situation is influencing the sustainable development of the study area.We suggest that,in order to protect the Northern Song Dynasty mausoleum and finally make the sustainable development of the regional landscape,further studies about landscape function and service analysis are required.Moreover,how to moderate the conflicts between land use and heritage protection is core question that needs to be considered and solved in the future.