秧龄、水肥管理模式和穴插苗数对杂交中籼稻不同层级茎蘖干物质生产和产量的影响

Effects of Seedling Ages,Managing Patterns of Water and Nitrogen and Transplanted Seedlings per Hill on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Different Tiers of Tillers in Medium Indica Hybrid Rice

以杂交中籼稻F优498为材料,采用3因素裂区设计,研究不同秧龄、水肥管理模式和穴插苗数对水稻不同层级茎蘖干物质生产特性和产量的影响。结果表明:除抽穗期穗部干物质积累量外,抽穗期和成熟期各器官及整株的干物质积累量以及抽穗至成熟期穗部和整株的干物质增加量均与产量极显著正相关;各处理1次分蘖对产量的贡献均最高,除35 d秧龄下穴插2苗处理主茎的产量高于2次分蘖外,其它处理均是2次分蘖的产量高于主茎;分别与35 d秧龄处理和穴插2苗处理比较,65 d秧龄处理和穴插单苗处理抽穗期和成熟期主茎、1次分蘖和全株的干物质积累量显著降低,2次分蘖的干物质积累量则显著提高;65 d秧龄处理各级茎蘖的茎鞘物质转运率和贡献率均显著低于35 d秧龄处理,2次分蘖的茎鞘物质转运率和贡献率显著低于主茎和1次分蘖;适龄移栽有利于高产,而在长秧龄条件下,应在拔节之前移栽,穴插单苗,同时采用干湿交替灌溉对其有效调控。

Using medium indica hybrid rice F You 498 aging patterns of water and nitrogen and transplanted as the materials, the effects of different seedling ages, man- seedlings and grain yield of different tiers of tillers in rice by way of the per hill were studied on the dry matter production three-factor split plot design. The results showed that, except for the dry matter accumulation of panicle at the heading stage, there was a very significant positive correlation between grain yield and the dry matter and the whole plant at both heading and maturity accumulation of various organs stages and between grain yield （ stem-sheath, leaf and panicle） and the dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity of panicle and the whole plant. Primary tillers had highest contribution to grain yield for all treatments, and secondary tillers had higher contribution to grain yield than main stems had for all treatments except the treatments with 35 d of seedling age and two transplanted seedlings per hill. The treatments with 35 d of seed- ling age and those with one transplanted seedling per hill had significantly higher dry matter accumulation of main stems, primary tillers and the whole plant but significant lower dry matter accumulation of secondary tillers than the treatments with 65 d of seedling with the treatments with 35 d of age and those with two transplanted seedlings per hill had, respectively. Compared seedling age, the treatments with 65 d of seedling age had significantly lower trans- location rate and contribution rate of stem-sheath dry matter of different tiers of tillers. Secondary tillers had signifi- cant lower translocation rate and contribution rate of stem-sheath dry matter than main stems and primary tillers had. Suitable seedling age is favorable to achieving a high grain yield. However, if the seedling age is long, the transplanting should be done before the jointing stage with only one seedling transplanted per hill and controlled alternate irrigation for an effective regulation.