硅钾配施对水稻茎秆性状和抗倒伏能力的影响

Effects of Silicon and Potassium Fertilizer Combination on Stem Traits and Lodging Resistance of Rice

以宜香优5979和旌优127为材料,研究了不同品种和硅钾配施处理对茎鞘物质积累转运、茎秆理化性状及抗倒伏能力的影响,探讨了茎鞘物质积累转运、茎秆理化性状与倒伏指数之间的关系。结果表明,齐穗期和成熟期茎鞘干物质量、成熟期生物量及茎秆理化性状与水稻抗倒伏能力关系密切。水稻品种间的抗倒伏能力差异显著,宜香优5979的抗倒伏能力显著强于旌优127。钾肥对水稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响大于硅肥,硅肥过多不利于水稻对硅的吸收及抗倒伏能力的提高。不同硅钾处理下,未施钾处理抗倒伏能力最差,少施钾肥处理倒伏风险较大;而硅肥50 kg/hm^2+钾肥150 kg/hm^2和硅肥100 kg/hm^2+钾肥100 kg/hm^22个处理,齐穗期和成熟期茎鞘干物质量较高,基部节间长度较短,茎粗、茎壁厚和节间干重较大,基部节间的物理强度较大,茎秆中Si O2和全钾含量较高,植株抗倒伏能力较强。

Using Yixiangyou 5979 and Jingyou 127 as the materials, sium fertilizer combination were studied on the accumulation and sheath, the physical and chemical characteristics of stem and the 1 the effects of rice variety and silicon and potas- transformation of assimilation products of stem- odging resistance of rice, and the correlation of the lodging index of rice to the traits of accumulation and transformation of stem-sheath dry matter and the physical and chemical characteristics of stem was analyzed. The results showed that lodging resistance of rice was closely related to the stem-sheath dry matter weight at the stages of full heading and maturity, the biomass at the maturity stage and the physical and chemical characteristics of stem. There was a significant difference between rice varieties, and the lodging resistance of Yixiangyou 5979 was better than that of Jingyou 127. The effect of potassium fertilizer on lodging resistance was greater than that of silicon fertilizer. Too much of silicon fertilizer application was not conducive to the absorption of silicon and the increasing of lodging resistance in rice. The treatment without any potassium fertilizer was poorest in lodging resistance and those treatments with lower rates a higher lodging risk. The treatments of D1 （ 150 kg/hm2 potassium fertilizer ＋ 50 kg/ of potassium fertilizer had hm2 silicon fertilizer） and D2 （100 kg/hm2 potassium fertilizer ＋ 100 kg/hm2 silicon fertilizer） had better lodging resistance because they had higher stem-sheath dry matter weight at both stages of full heading and maturity, shorter basal internodes, higher values in stem diameter and thickness and internodal dry weight and higher contents of total potassium and SiO2 in stem.