保护性耕作措施对枣园土壤水分及红枣产量的影响

Effects of Conservation Tillage Measures on Soil Moisture in Jujube Orchard and Yield of Jujube

【目的】研究适合干旱地区枣园生产的保护性耕作措施,促进南疆红枣产业高效、绿色、可持续发展。【方法】设置不同的保护性耕作措施,对枣园0~100 cm土层土壤含水量,分析红枣的产量以及水分利用效率。【结果】(1)翻耕秸秆覆盖(TS)处理的平均土壤含水量达到16.55%,比旋耕秸秆覆盖(RS)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NS)、免耕裸地(NB)处理分别高了4.93%、1.97%、7.34%。(2)在枣树萌芽期、开花期、坐果期、成熟期,0~100 cm土层剖面的土壤含水量总体呈现"减少-增加-减少"的变化趋势,其中翻耕秸秆覆盖能有效提高60~100 cm土层的土壤含水量。(3)翻耕秸秆覆盖(TS)处理的红枣产量和水分利用效率最高,分别为10 500kg/hm^2和21.67 kg/(mm·hm^2),分别比RS、NS、NB处理产量增加了1 650、3 000和3 150 kg/hm^2,水分利用效率增加了4.33、7.94和、8.07 kg/(mm·hm^2)。【结论】翻耕秸秆覆盖的保护性耕作措施,更有利于在极端干旱地区的枣园实施。

[ Objective] In order to explore the conservation tillage measures of jujube production in arid regions and promote the red jujube industry efficient, green, sustainable development in Southern Xinjiang. [ Method] The soil water content from 0 -100 cm soil layers in jujube orchard was evaluated and the yield of jujube and water use efficiency were analyzed by setting The average soil water content with the treatment of tillage different conservation tillage methods. [ Result ] （ 1 ） straw mulching （TS） reached 16.55 % , which was 4.93%, 1.97% and 7.34% higher than those of rotary tillage straw mulching （ RS）, no - till straw mulching （NS） and no - till bare land （NB） respectively. （2） In the whole growth period, soil water content of 0 to 100 soil profiles showed an overall increasing trend after the initial decrease. Tillage straw mulching （TS） ob- viously improved the soil water content of 60 - 100 cm soil profiles. （3） The yield and water use efficiency of the straw mulching （TS） were the highest, which were 10,500 kg/hm2 and 21.67 kg/hm2, respectively compared with RS, NS, NB processing production, they were increased by 1,650 kg/hm2, 3,000 kg/hm2, 3,150 kg/hm2, and water use efficiency was increased by 4.33 kg/（mm · hm2） ,7.94 kg/（mm · hm2） and 8.07 kg/（ mm · hm2 ）. [ Conclusion ] A preliminary exploration of protection measures is more conducive to the implementation of jujube in extreme arid tillage area straw mulching cultivation