生态刚性约束下的山区农村居民点整治与调控——以北京市门头沟区为例

Rehabilitation and adjustment of rural residences in mountainous areas under rigid ecological constraints

在城镇化进程中,协调好农村建设用地与地域生态系统之间的关系,推动低效农村建设用地的有效整合,是土地整治工作的关键所在。本文以北京市门头沟区为例,通过构建国土空间生态重要性评价体系,将门头沟区国土空间生态重要性划分为极重要(458.00km^2)、重要(611.37km^2)、一般(379.86km^2))三个级别,以此作为识别门头沟区国土生态安全的健康底线。依据农村居民点综合发展程度评价体系,将门头沟区农村居民点发展程度划分为高发展程度(433.91hm^2)、中发展程度(448.63hm^2)、低发展程度(169.51hm^2)三个级别。通过搭建互斥性组合矩阵,结合不同发展程度的农村居民点所处的生态重要性区间,将区域农村居民点归并为积极发展、限制发展、转型发展、退出利用四种类型,提出不同类型农村居民点的调控发展方向。最后,依据退出利用农村居民点的景观格局特征和空间邻接特征分析,提出山区废弃农村居民点的"精明退出"路径。研究结果有助于实现山区村庄的合理布局和资源的优化配置,对于促进山区经济社会与生态环境的协调发展具有积极的现实意义。

Sustainable and livable ideologies and policies have been more and more prevalent in the activities of land rehabilitation during the course of urbanization and urban-rural integration, which can profoundly prompt the re-utilization and revitalization of underused construction land in rural areas. Change in rehabilitation principles and criteria can dramatically relieve pressure form the convergence of related resources and capital on ecological environments, in order to coordinate the relationship between rural construction land and regional ecological system, hydrological functions and development gaps. In this paper, rural residences in Mentougou District of Beijing were selected for research on the rehabilitation and adjustment of rural residences in mountainous areas under rigid ecological constraints. First, three levels of territory ecological importance, high importance （458.00km2） ,middle importance （611.37km2）and low importance （379.86km2） ,were divided as the base line based on the establishment of ecological importance evaluation system for territory development. According to the evaluation indicator system and comprehensive development degree for rural residences, three development degrees, high development （433.91 hm2）, middle development （448.63hm2） and low development （169.51hm2） were subdivided. Finally, coupled with the support of a mutex-matrix, local rural residences were classified into actively, restrained, transformable and withdrawable types. A smart withdraw path is put forward for withdrawable rural villages, after calculation and discussion of their landscape and spatial adjacent traits. The results of this study will be helpful for the rational distribution and resource optimization of rural residences in mountainous areas and provides a reference for equilibrium between socio-economic development and ecological conservation in mountainous areas.