中国自驾车房车营地空间分布特征及其驱动机制

Spatial distribution characteristics and mechanistic drivers of self-driving and RV camping in China

随着社会经济的发展,自驾游、露营旅游、户外探险等新潮休闲方式兴起,自驾车房车营地的建设成为发展休闲经济的重要途径。借助GIS空间技术手段,分析了全国营地的总体分布特征,利用聚类图展示出营地聚集十大板块,重点阐释了自驾车房车营地发展的驱动机制。研究表明:(1)从全国看,营地分布呈现不均衡凝聚状态(R=0.588),环渤海、长三角、珠三角、成渝、湘鄂、内蒙古中部、滇中西、吉延边、闽海西和青东北等十大板块中,营地倾向集群于沿海地区、省会城市和中西部热点旅游城市,营地未来发展将呈现"聚集-扩散"新格局;(2)透视自驾车房车营地发展的时空趋势,可以发现市场条件、自然资源、交通网络以及政策环境是影响营地建设的主要要素,其中,自驾游市场规模的扩大、露营产品和理念的营销推广、依附于高禀赋资源的吸引、依赖于优良生态环境的支撑、交通水平提升与线路改进、景观廊道空间的利用、国家政策保障与引导和地方标准制定与规划等是推动营地发展的二级要素。

With development of the social economy, self-driving tours, camping tourism, and outdoor adventures are on the rise. Self-driving and RV camp construction have become important ways to upgrade the infrastructure and develop the leisure economy. With the help of GIS technology, analyzing the overall characteristics of the distribution of national camps, a dendrogram shows the camp aggregation in ten plates, focusing on the driving mechanism for the development of self-driving and RV camp. From a national perspective, the distribution of camps is not in a state of equilibrium condensation （R -- 0.588） ： the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, Hunan and Hubei, central part of Inner Mongolia, the central and western part of Yunnan, Yanbian Jilin, west coast of Fujian Strait and northeastern Qinghai are the ten largest plates of camps. Camps tend to cluster in coastal areas, provincial cities and hot spots in central and western tourist cities. The future development of camps will be a new pattern of gathering-diffusion. From the perspective of spatial and temporal trends of self-driving and RV camping, market conditions, natural resources, transportation networks and the policy environment are the main factors affecting camp construction. Among them, the expansion of the consumer market, the increased marketing of camping products and concepts, the attraction of high endowment resources, the support of excellent ecological environments, the improvement of traffic levels and traffic line design, the use of landscape corridor spaces, the support and guidance of national policy and standards setting and planning of local policy are secondary elements that will promote the development of camps.