酸性含钒溶液除硅工艺研究

Process of Removing Silicon from Acid Solution Containing Vanadium

采用一种聚羧酸减水剂对酸性含钒溶液进行除硅。探讨了硅在酸性溶液体系中的存在形式、聚羧酸减水剂的结构组成及其在酸性条件下除硅的作用机制,研究了聚羧酸减水剂用量、反应温度和沉淀时间等对酸性含钒溶液中硅去除效果的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)对除硅渣进行了分析表征。结果表明:聚羧酸减水剂对于酸性含钒溶液体系中杂质硅的去除具有良好效果,在p H值为2.8~3.2,减水剂用量0.5%,反应温度60℃,反应时间30 min,沉淀时间4 h时,含钒溶液中硅的去除率可达92%以上,钒的损失率小于0.3%,且除硅渣容易过滤和洗涤,渣量小,成分单一,易于处理。对于酸性溶液体系,聚羧酸减水剂是一种实用有效的除硅剂,工艺操作简单,成本低廉,具有较大的工业应用前景。

A polycarboxylate superplasticizer was used to remove silicon from acid solution containing vanadium.The existing form of silicon in acidic solution,the structure of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and the mechanism of its effect on the removal of silicon under acidic solutions were discussed.The influences of different dosages of polycarboxylate superplasticizer,the reaction temperature and precipitation time on the ratio of removal silicon in the solution were studied.Scanning electron microscope（SEM） and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） were used to characterize and analyze the sediment slag.The tests results showed that polycarboxylate superplasticizer had a good effect on the process of removing silicon in acid solution.Under the best conditions of pH value of 2.8 - 3.2,superplasticizer usage of 0.5%,reaction temperature of 60 ℃,reaction time of 30 min and precipitation time of 4 h,the ratio of removal silicon could be as much as 92%,while the loss rate of vanadium was less than 0.3%.Compared with other methods of removing silicon from the solution,this way was easy to filter and wash slag,the amount of slag was small,and the composition was simple and easy to dispose.As to acidic system,polycarboxylate superplasticizer was an effective agent to remove silicon from the solution.This process had a great industrial application prospect with simple operation and low cost.