软组织移植手术在龈乳头缺失重建中的作用

The role of soft tissue transplantation in the reconstruction of gingival papilla

龈乳头缺失（loss of gingival papilla）导致的“黑三角”是临床常见问题，龈乳头处牙龈退缩和支持骨高度降低导致邻牙接触点至牙槽嵴顶的垂直距离增大，牙周软组织移植对龈乳头缺失重建有一定的疗效。本综述通过对龈乳头缺失、牙龈软组织重建、影响龈乳头缺失重建的生物和化学因素等方面内容进行回顾和分析，对冠向复位瓣术、半月形冠向复位瓣术、上皮下结缔组织移植、带蒂龈瓣移植、信封型瓣移植及隧道技术在龈乳头重建中的作用进行阐述，以期为龈乳头缺失重建的临床应用提供依据。

Black triangle caused by gingival papilla loss is an ordinary clinical problem. Gingival recession and alveolar bone absorption in the area of gingival papilla lead to the increase of the vertical distance from the adjacent contact point to the alveolar ridge. Periodontal soft tissue grafts play a certain role in the gingival papilla reconstruction. This paper reviewed the effects of soft tissue grafts on the reconstruction of gingival papilla loss through following several aspects, summary of gingival papilla loss, gum soft tissue reconstruction, biological and chemical factors influencing gingival papilla reconstruction. The role of coronally advanced flap surgery, semilunar coronal repositioned flap surgery, subepithelial connective tissue graft, pedicle flap graft, envelop flap graft and tunnel technique were evaluated.