2015年天津市河东区初高中应届毕业生视力状况调查

Survey of vision of graduates of junior and senior high schools in Hedong District of Tianjin City, 2015

目的分析天津市河东区2015年初、高中应届毕业生近视患病率。方法本院眼科2015年3—4月对天津市河东区2015年所有初、高中应届在校毕业生进行视力、色觉检查,初中年龄15~16岁,高中年龄17~19岁,所有受检者在检查前1天不戴眼镜(角膜接触镜或框架镜)。有1眼裸眼视力<5.0为异常并给予插片主觉验光,记录矫正度数。矫正视力不理想者检查裂隙灯和眼底。按照<-3.00为轻度近视,≥-3.00,<-6.00为中度近视,≥-6.00为高度近视,进行统计分析。结果所有受检者5 821人,视力良好为742人(12.75%),视力不良为5 079人(87.25%)。其中女生近视人数2 666人(89.55%),男生近视人数2 403人(84.49%)。高三学生3 278人,其中视力良好384人(11.71%),男生233人(14.31%),女生151人(9.15%);视力不良2 894人(88.29%),非屈光性2人,屈光性2 892人;单纯因为近视或近视散光视力不良为2 890人(88.16%),男生为1 391人(85.44%),女生1 499人(90.85%)。初三学生2 543人,其中视力良好358人(14.08%),男生198人(16.28%),女生160人(12.06%);视力不良2 185人(85.92%),非屈光性4人,屈光性2 181人(85.76%);单纯近视或近视散光视力不良为2 179人(85.69%),其中男生1 012人(83.22%),女生1 167人(87.94%)。高三近视或近视散光患病率高于初三,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=43.119,P<0.05)。高中女生患病率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=29.369,P<0.05)。初中女生患病率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=20.524,P<0.05)。结论初、高中应届毕业生中近视患病率较高。并且:高中>初中,初中女生>初中男生,高中女生>高中男生。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of myopia in graduates of junior and senior high schools in Hedong District of Tianjin City in 2015. Methods In March and April, 2015, the eyesight and color vision of all the graduates of junior and senior high schools were examined. The age of junior high school graduates was between 15 and 16 years, while the age of senior high school graduates was between 17 and 19 years. All of the examinees did not wear any lens （glasses or contact lenses） the day before the examination. The cases whose naked vision value of any single eye was below 5.0 were considered as abnormal and were provided with the subjective trial of lens and the correction was recorded. The persons with unsatisfied vision correction should have slit lamp and eye fundus checked. The vision value 〈 -3.00 was mild myopia, the vision value ≥-3.00 and 〈-6.00 was moderate myopia, and the vision value ≥-6.00 was severe myopia. Results Among all 5 821 examinees, 742 people （12.75%） had good vision and 5 079 people （87.25%） had poor vision. The numbers of female and male myopia students were 2 666 （89.55%） and 2 413 （84.85%）, respectively. Among 3 278 senior high school graduates, 384 （11.71%） had good vision including 233 male students （14.31%） and 151 female students （9.15%）, and 2 894 students （88.29%） had poor vision, and among which 2 was phototrophic and 2 892 were non-phototrophic. Totally 2 890 students （88.16%） had poor vision for only myopia or myopic astigmatism, including 1 391 male （85.44%） and 1 499 female （90.85%） students. Among 2 543 junior high school graduates, 358 had good vision, including 198 male students （16.28%） and 160 female students （12.06%）, and 2 185 students （85.92%） had poor vision, and among which 4 were phototrophic and 2 181 （85.76%） were non-phototrophic. Totally 2 179 students （85.69%） had poor vision for only myopia or myopic astigmatism, including 1 012 male （83.22%） and 1167 female （87.94%） students. There was a statistically significant difference between the senior high school graduates and junior high school graduates in the incidence of myopia or myopic astigmatism （X^2=43.119, P〈0.05）, and the former was higher than the latter. There was a significant difference between the male graduates and female graduates of senior high schools in the incidence of myopia （X^2=29.369, P〈0.05）, and the latter was higher than the former. There was a significant difference between the male graduates and female graduates of junior high schools in the incidence of myopia （X^2=20.524, P〈0.05）, and the latter was higher than the former. Conclusion The incidence of myopia is high among the graduates of junior and senior high schools. The incidence of myopia of the senior high school graduates is higher than that of the junior high school graduates, and the incidence of myopia of the female graduates is higher than that of the male graduates.