日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对育肥绵羊脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成的影响

Effects of dietary supplementation of oilseeds with different fatty acid profiles on fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in fattening sheep

文章旨在探讨日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对育肥绵羊脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成的影响,为研究通过日粮调控手段提高绵羊肉中功能性脂肪酸的含量,改善羊肉品质提供理论依据。试验采用单因子完全随机组区设计,选用40只体重为(33.73±3.65)kg、生理状态相似的杂交公羊(小尾寒羊×蒙古羊)随机分为4个组,每组10只。其中对照组采用基础日粮(不含油籽),以豆粕和棉粕代替油籽,试验组分别饲喂含10%油菜籽、10%葵花籽、10%胡麻籽的日粮。预饲期10 d,正试期35 d。试验结果表明:日粮中添加油菜籽、葵花籽和胡麻籽后,葵花籽组和胡麻籽组显著提高了育肥羊脂肪组织中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量(P<0.05),油菜籽组相比于对照组有一定的增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05),不饱和脂肪酸(USFA)含量油菜籽组和葵花籽组极显著高于对照组和胡麻籽组(P<0.01),而试验组饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量均有不同程度的降低,存在差异极显著(P<0.01)的情况。n-6多不饱和脂肪酸/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6/n-3)为胡麻籽组(4.49)<油菜籽组(8.77)<对照组(13.92)<葵花籽组(17.40),组间差异极显著(P<0.01),胡麻籽组对于改善n-6/n-3效果最好。在本试验条件下,日粮中添加油菜籽和葵花籽可以极显著提高脂肪组织中不饱和脂肪酸的含量,胡麻籽对于改善PUFA及n-3脂肪酸的含量效果最好。

The objectives of this paper were to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of oil- seeds with different fatty acid profiles on fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in fattening sheep so that further research on the modification of fatty acid composition in mutton could be conducted. Forty crossbreed ram（Han sheep×Mongolian sheep）, similar in body weights[（33.73±3,65） kg] and birth dates, were used in a completely randomized design. The experiment had four treatments with 10 animals each. Animals in the first group were fed the control diet with no oilseeds, but soybean and cottonseed meal instead; animals in the treatment groups were fed diets which substitute soybean and cottonseed meal with 10% of eanola seeds, sunflower seeds and flaxseeds respectively. The animals were allowed 10 days to adapt to the diets and data were collected in the following 35 days. Results showed that adi- pose tissues from animals fed sunflower and flaxseed diets had significantly higher concentrations of PUFA（P〈0.O5）when compared to those from ani- mals fed other diets. Animals receiving canola di- et contain higher PUFA in adipose tissue in con- trast to animals receiving control diet, but not significant （P〉0.05）. Adipose concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids （USFA） were higher in animals fed canola and sunflower seeds than those of animals fed control and flaxseed diets （P〈0.05）, Compared to control diet, treatment diets significantly reduced adipose concentrations of saturated fatty acids （P〈0.05）. As w the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue of animals fed treatment diets, we found the following sequence： flaxseeds diet （4.49） 〈 canola diet （8.77） 〈 control diet （13.92） 〈 sun- flower diet （17.40）. The data in this study indicate that feeding animals canola and sunflower seeds sig- nificantly increased adipose concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, and feeding animals flaxseeds significantly increased adipose concentrations of n-3 and PUFA in fattening sheep.