多产品出口对企业生存影响的微观数据分析

Micro-data Analysis about the Impact of Multi-product Export on Firm's Survival

如何提高企业的生存能力是企业管理者关注的问题,多产品出口企业的出口产品种类数与出口核心产品集中度会影响企业的生存。文章首先构建了多产品出口产品种类数与核心产品集中度对企业生存影响的理论模型,并在此基础上利用匹配后的中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库进行了实证检验。检验结果显示,多产品出口可以促进企业生存,但是多产品出口的产品种类数却不是多多益善。在产品种类数低于某个临界值时,多产品出口可以促进企业生存;产品种类数高于这个临界值时,增加产品种类反而会加大企业的生存风险。在既定产品种类的前提下,出口核心产品集中度会增大企业的生存风险,企业应适当地分散出口产品,尤其是大规模企业、外资企业、技术密集型企业与竞争相对不激烈行业中的企业。

How to improve the firm's survival ability is the important problem that the firm managers concern about. The variety of export products and the concentration degree of the core products will affect the firm's survival. We construct a theoretical model about the impact of products variety and core products concentration on firm's survival,and then we test the relationship between them using China's industrial enterprise data and customs data. The result shows that multi-product export can promote the firm's survival,but the product variety range is not the more the better. If the product variety is lower than a certain critical level,the multi-product export can promote the survival of the firm; but if the variety is higher than the level,the increase of product variety will increase the risk of the firm' s survival. The core product concentration will increase the risk of firm' s survival,so firms should appropriately diversify export products,especially for those large-scaled firms,foreign firms,technology intensive firms and firms in intense competition. This paper has a certain inspiration to firm's managers on how to determine the most suitable variety range of export products and resource allocation to extend the firm's survival time.