本草著作中紫金牛属药物基原考

Investigation of genus Ardisia in Bencao literature

通过系统查阅古代本草著作,结合植物志对相关植物的形态和分布记述、现代典籍对相关药物的别名、性味、功效等方面的记载以及笔者野外调查进行基原考证,指出本草收载的18种药物来源于紫金牛属7种植物。其中,"紫金牛"和"硃砂根"的原植物均为朱砂根之变型红凉伞Ardisia crenata f.hortensis;《植物名实图考》中"铁伞"来源于大罗伞树A.hanceana;《植物名实图考》与《花镜》记载的"平地木"为同名异物;"叶底红"、"矮茶"、"短脚三郎"等名称的药物来源于紫金牛A.japonica;《本草图经》中"小青"来源于九节龙A.pusilla;药物名称为"百两金"、"九管血"、"走马胎"的基原也得到进一步确证。考证结果为理清相关药物的基原和药效,开发利用紫金牛属植物提供线索和依据。

Based on a systematic review of morphology and distribution of plants,alternate names,actions,and properties of herbs recorded in ancient and modern literatures,in combination of field investigation,18 Chinese herbal medicines recorded in ancient bencao literature were regarded to be derived from 7 species in the Ardisia genus. Among them,the variety Ardisia crenata f. hortensis was identified as the source of Zhushagen（ 朱砂根） and Zijinniu（ 紫金牛）. A. hanceana is referenced as Tiesan（ 铁伞） in the illustrated atlas of Botanical Nomenclature（ Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao）. The name Pingdimu（ 平地木） refers to a different substance in the illustrated atlas of Botanical Nomenclature and the Flower Mirror（ Huajing）. The medicinals named Yedihong（ 叶底红）,Aicha（ 矮茶）,and Duanjiao sanlang（ 短脚三郎） are all derived from A. japonica. The origin of the herb Xiaoqing（ 小青） referenced in the Illustrated Classic of the Materia Medica（ Bencao Tujing） is A. pusilla. The medicinals Bailiangjin（ 百两金）,Jiuguanxue（ 九管血） and Zoumatai（ 走马胎）are derived from A. crispa,A. brevicaulis,and A. gigantifolia,respectively. This investigation clarifies the botanical sources and actions of related Chinese medicinal materials in the genus Ardisia,and provides clues and evidence for utilizing and developing their medicinal plant resources.