制造业结构调整与比较优势变迁:遵循或偏离

Structural Adjustment of Manufacturing Industry and Changes of Comparative Advantage: Conforming or Deviating

制造业结构调整是我国供给侧结构性改革的重要举措,但制造业结构调整过程中是遵循还是偏离比较优势变迁的路径对制造业升级有着重要影响。利用联合国商品贸易统计数据库的数据,构建了世界产品空间分布图,并以此为基础绘制了我国比较优势的动态演进路径,实证分析了我国制造业结构调整与比较优势的关系。研究表明,比较优势动态变化趋势与原有行业的竞争优势相符合,但是在促进现有新兴产业升级方面相关度较差,劳动密集型行业相关度较高,而资本和技术密集型行业偏离明显;从国家间的比较来看,我国制造业结构调整与比较优势动态变化偏离程度,比不同类型的经济体都要明显。

Structural adjustment of manufacturing industry is an im portant measure in China＇s structural reform of supply side. However, during the process of structure adjustment in the manufacturing industry, whether to follow or deviate from the path of comparative advantage evolution has an important impact on the upgrading of manufacturing industry. By making use of the data from the Commodity Trade Statistics Database of United Nations, this paper constructs a spatial distribution map of the world products, based on that it draws a dynamic evolution path of China＇s comparative advantages, so as to make an empirical analysis of the relationship between the structure adjustment of China＇s manufacturing industry and the comparative advantages. The results show that the dynamic change tendency of the comparative advantages is coincide with the competitive advantages of the existing industry, but the relevancy concerning the promotion of the upgrade of the existing emerging industries is poor. The relevancy in the labor-intensive industry is higher, while in the capital and technology-intensive industries the deviation is significant. From the comparison between the countries,the structural adjustment of China＇s manufacturing industry and the deviating degree of the dynamic changes of comparative advantages are more obvious than that in the economic entities of different types.