高丽文宗“请医事件”与宋日关系--11世纪后期日本外交的一个侧面

The Request for Doctor from Munjong of Goryeo and the Relation between Japan and the Song Dynasty:A Facet of Japan's Diplomacy in the Late 11^(th) Century

高丽文宗因患风疾而致牒日本,请求派遣名医帮助诊疗。日本朝臣经过多次阵定商议,最终拒绝了这一请求,客观原因是路途遥远且无此先例。日本给高丽的回牒内容经历了一个演变的过程,从最初的陈述实际原因转为严词责问高丽的牒状中存在违例之处,促成回牒内容转变的契机是其间宋朝牒状的到来。由于对卷入宋朝朝贡体系感到不安,日本开始怀疑高丽牒状的真实意图,进而通过在给高丽的回牒中极力强调上国地位的方式,确认其自立性和优越感。高丽文宗"请医事件"的走向受到了当时复杂的东亚国际背景的影响,因此,只有将宋日外交关系的因素纳入研究视野,才能更全面地认识这一事件经纬。

Suffering from apoplexy,Munjong of Goryeo sent an official request for competent doctors from Japan.After several discussions,Japanese officials declined this request.Although the latter gave reasons as the distance and the lack of precedent,Japan’s reply witnessed an adjustment from an objective statement of difficulties to a harsh criticism of the unconventionality and illegitimacy of Goryeo’s request.The change in content resulted from the arrival of a diplomatic letter from the emperor of the Song dynasty.Being anxious about its involvement in the tributary system of the Song dynasty,Japan became suspicious of the true intention of Goryeo’s request.Hence,Japan emphasized its independence and superiority in its reply.Since the development of the incident was influenced by the intertwined relations among East Asian countries,a comprehensive understanding of it requires the background knowledge of the relation between Japan and the Song dynasty.