甘肃省2014年-2015年流行性感冒监测分析

Surveillance and analysis of influenza in Gansu Province from 2014 to 2015

目的通过分析甘肃省流行性感冒(流感)监测数据,掌握其流行特征,为本省今后的流感防控工作提供科学依据。方法采集全省19家国家级流感监测哨点医院门诊流感样病例(ILI)的咽拭子标本,以荧光定量PCR方法检测流感病毒核酸,用犬肾细胞(MDCK)进行病毒分离培养、鉴定。结果对26 133份ILI咽拭子标本进行流感病毒核酸检测,阳性4 302份,阳性率为16.46%;2014年、2015年阳性率分别为12.36%、20.15%,差异有统计学意义χ2=317.824,P<0.01)。0岁~4岁组流感病毒阳性率最低(12.43%),5岁~14岁组流感病毒阳性率最高(22.99%)。对3 768份标本进行了流感病毒分离,分离流感病毒1 274株,检出率为33.81%,其中甲型H1N1 269株,季节性H3N2 501株,乙型Victorian系337株,乙型Yamagata系165株。结论甘肃省流感流行的季节性特征较为明显,病毒型别表现为交替流行规律,应积极预警和防控。

Objective In order to grasp the epidemiological characteristics of influenza and provide scientific basis for the influenza prevention and control,we analyzed the surveillance data of influenza（ flu） in Gansu province. Methods Throat swabs were collected from influenza- like cases（ state- run- like illness,ILI） in 19 national influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals of the whole province,and virus nucleic acid was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR method,isolated and identified with canine kidney cells（ MDCK）. Results The influenza virus nucleic acid of 26 133 ILI throat swabs were detected,and 4 302 samples were positive,with the positive rate of 16. 46%. The positive rates of the influenza virus nucleic acid were successively12. 36% in 2014 and 20. 15% in 2015,with the differences statistically significant（ χ^2= 317. 824,P〈0. 01）. The positive rate was the lowest in 0- 4 years old group（ 12. 43%）,while the highest positive rate was 22. 99% in 5- 14 years old group.1 274 strains of influenza virus were separated from 3 768 specimens,with the detection rate of 33. 81%,including 269 strains of A（ H1N1）,501 strains of seasonal H3N2,337 strains of B Victorian virus and 165 strains of B Yamagata virus. Conclusion It is obvious that influenza virus epidemics in Gansu province is seasonal,and the virus types showed regularity of alternative epidemic. So we should be active in early warning and prevention.