金华市禽类职业暴露人群及外环境禽流感病毒监测分析

Surveillance and analysis of avian influenza virus in population with occupational exposure and out-environment in Jinhua

目的了解金华市禽类职业暴露人群及外环境中禽流感病毒的感染现状,探讨禽流感防控工作方向。方法2015年选择金华市4类场所,采集40份职业暴露人群血清和625份外环境标本,马雪球血凝抑制试验(HI)检测H5N1、H5N6、H7N9抗体,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测禽流感病毒特异性核酸。结果 40份职业暴露人群血清中H5N1抗体阳性标本5份,H7N9抗体阳性标本2份;环境标本中流感病毒总阳性率为27.52%,H5、H7、H9型高致病性禽流感病毒阳性率为1.60%、9.90%、19.20%。流感病毒检测阳性率冬季存在高峰;且在城乡活禽市场(55.59%)、宰杀加工器具涂抹物(55.29%)和宰杀加工清洗污水(54.72%)中较高;鸭源标本检测率(39.51%)高于鸡源标本(21.91%)和鸽源标本(26.09%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论金华市禽流感病毒检出率较高,存在人感染风险,应加强禽市场监管。

Objective To understand the infection status of avian influenza virus in out- environment and people with occupational exposure in Jinhua,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of avian influenza. Methods 40 blood samples from people with occupational exposure and 625 out- environment samples were collected from 4 different places of Jinhua in 2015. Horse hemagglutination inhibition test（ HI） was adopted to detect H5N1,H5N7,H7N9 antibodies,real- time PCR was used to detect the specific nucleic acid of avian influenza virus. Results In the 40 serum samples,H5N1 antibody was positive in 5 samples,so was H7N9 in 2 samples; in out- environment sanmples,the overall positive rate of avian influenza virus was 27. 52%. The positive rates of highly pathogenic H5,H7 and H9 viruses were 1. 60%,9. 90% and 19. 20% respectively. The peak of positive rate occurred in winter,which were high in alive poultry markets in urban and rural areas（ 17. 8%）,chopping boards for killed poultry（ 55. 29%） and water used for washing poultry（ 54. 72%）. The detection rate in duck source samples（ 39. 51%） was higher than that in chicken source samples（ 21. 91%） and pigeon source samples（ 26. 09%）,with the differences statistically significant（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The positive rate of influenza virus is relatively high,and there is potential risk of human infection. Therefore,it is critical to enforce the market supervision.