2012年-2015年新疆兵团禽流感外环境监测

Surveillance of avian influenza in the nature environment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps during 2012-2015

目的监测新疆兵团外环境中禽流感的分布和流行情况,分析感染高危因素,为预防控制禽流感提供依据。方法采集城乡活禽市场、家禽规模养殖场和散养户等监测点的水、粪便及笼具表面擦拭物等外环境标本,用Real-time PCR方法检测禽流感病毒及亚型。结果共检测1 033份外环境样本,禽流感阳性率为12.97%;H5、H7和H9亚型阳性率分别为0.97%、0.00%和9.58%。2013年和2015年监测到H5亚型;在各年份中均检出H9亚型且阳性率均最高,未检出H7亚型。在城乡活禽市场、家禽规模养殖场和散养户禽流感阳性率分别为15.78%、6.30%和4.55%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.928,P=0.000);在134份阳性标本中,各监测场所检出率有所不同,城乡活禽市场共检出116份,占86.57%。不同类型标本中,清洗禽类的污水阳性率最高19.25%,禽类饮水阳性率最低9.14%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.299,P<0.05)。结论城乡活禽市场禽流感病毒的污染普遍存在,主要为H5亚型和H9亚型。

Objective To monitor the distribution and prevalence of avian influenza in natural environment in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and analyze the risk factors of infection,so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies. Methods Environmental samples like water,poultry feces and cage surface were collected from living poultry in urban and rural areas,large- scale poultry breeding sites,backyard farms. Avian influenza virus and subtypes were detected by Real- time PCR. Results 1 033 environmental specimens were detected,with the positive rate of avian influenza virus as 12. 97%. The positive rates of H5,H7 and H9 subtypes were 0. 97%,0. 00% and 9. 58% respectively. H5 subtype was detected in 2013 and 2015; H9 subtype was detected,with the highest positive rate in nearly years. but H7 subtype was not detected. The positive rates of avian influenza virus from living poultry in urban and rural areas,large- scale poultry breeding sites,backyard farms were 15. 78%,6. 30% and 4. 55% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（ χ^2= 17. 928,P = 0. 000）; in the 134 positive samples,there were 116 positive samples in living poultry in urban and rural areas,and the detection rate was 86. 57%. In different types of samples,cleaning poultry sewage had the highest positive rate（ 19. 25%）,poultry drinking water samples had the lowest（ 9. 14%）,and the difference was statistically significant（ χ^2=15. 299,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The presence of avian influenza virus is widespread in living poultry in urban and rural areas,mainly as the H5 and H9 subtypes.