废轮胎热解催化剂及工艺研究进展

Research Advances in Pyrolysis Processes and Catalysts of Waste Tires

综述了近年废轮胎热解工艺(温度、压力、载气、粒径等)、催化剂及反应器的研究进展.热解工艺条件和反应器类型直接影响热解产物分布,而热力学和动力学及传热、传质一定程度上决定热解产物产率及组分分布.调控催化剂的结构和组成可明显提高目标产物产量,改善油品品质,降低热解油中S的含量,提高高附加值产品如单环芳烃和环己烷等的产率.当前废轮胎热解中存在催化剂分离、结焦等问题,且多采用微型或小型反应器.废轮胎分子结构和反应机理研究、新型高效、耐硫催化剂研制及大规模热解反应器的开发是废轮胎热解研究的主要方向.

Recent advances in the pyrolysis processes and catalysts of waste tires, including the reaction of conditions（temperature, pressure, carrier gas and particle size）, catalysts and reactors were discussed and summarized. The operating conditions and the type of reactors directly influence the distribution of pyrolysis products, however, due to the balance between thermodynamics and kinetics as well as heat transfer, mass transfer consideration, it is difficult to obtain desired products only by tuning the operating conditions. Fabrication of the structure and composition of catalysts offers an effective way to improve the yield and quality of target products, promoting high value-added products（monocylic aromatics, cyclohexane and etc.）, reducing sulfur in the pyrolytic oil. The problem of separation and coking of catalysts hinders the progress of waste tires pyrolysis, and most of current research were operated in micro or small-scale reactors, therefore deep exploration of the reaction mechanism and molecular structure of waste tires still need to be studied in detail. The design and fabrication of efficient, sulfur-resistant catalysts and large scale pyrolysis reactor were proposed to be the main subject of future research.