云南抚仙湖产类胡萝卜素酵母菌的资源调查

Carotenoid-producing yeasts resources in Fuxian Lake, Yunnan

【目的】对分离自云南抚仙湖湖水的379株酵母菌进行产类胡萝卜素的筛选,以期获得具有开发应用价值的产类胡萝卜素酵母菌。【方法】采用酸热法提取类胡萝卜素,紫外分光光度计测定类胡萝卜素含量,SPSS软件分析产类胡萝卜素酵母的分布特征。【结果】318株酵母菌(占供试菌株的83.91%)具有产类胡萝卜素的能力,大多数菌株类胡萝卜素产量在10-300μg/g之间,最高达590.83μg/g。产类胡萝卜素酵母集中分布于红冬孢酵母属(Rhodosporidium)和红酵母属(Rhodotorula);担子菌酵母产类胡萝卜素的能力高于子囊菌酵母;筛选到9株产类胡萝卜素活性较强的菌株:双倒卵形红冬孢酵母(Rhodosporidium diobovatum)3株、沼泽生红冬孢酵母(Rhodosporidium paludigenum)2株、粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)、禾本红酵母(Rhodotorula graminis)、瑞纳锁掷孢酵母(Sporidiobolus ruineniae)及Cystofilobasidium macerans各1株。【结论】高原湖泊抚仙湖生存着大量产类胡萝卜素的酵母菌,"红色酵母"(Red yeasts)具有较强的产类胡萝卜素的能力,红冬孢酵母属(Rhodosporidium)和红酵母属(Rhodotorula)是抚仙湖产类胡萝卜素酵母菌的主要类群。

[Objective] To obtain the carotenoid-producing yeast with potential application value, 379 strains of yeasts were isolated and screened from Fuxian Lake samples. [Methods] Carotenoids were extracted using acid-heating method, the content of carotenoids was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the distribution features of the carotenoid-producing yeasts were analyzed by SPSS software. [Results] 318 yeast strains（83.91% of the tested strains） could produce carotenoids. The yields of carotenoid among most strains ranged from 10 to 300 μg/g, and the highest amount was up to 590.83 μg/g. These strains mainly belonged to the genera Rhodosporidium and Rhodotorula; and the carotenoid-producing abilities of basidiomycetous yeasts were higher than those of ascomycetous yeast strains. In this study, 9 strains with high carotenoid-producing abilities were obtained, namely Rhodosporidium diobovatum（3 strains）, Rhodosporidium paludigenum（2 strains）, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula graminis, Sporidiobolus ruineniae, and Cystofilobasidium macerans（1 strain respectively）. [Conclusion] Large numbers of the carotenoid-producing yeasts inhabited Fuxian Lake, and the ＂red yeasts＂ were higher yielding yeasts than others. The major groups of carotenoid-producing yeasts were Rhodosporidium and Rhodotorula.